有机无机氮肥配施对甜玉米产量、品质及土壤养分状况的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yield,Quality and Soil Nutrient Status of Sweet Corn

作　　者：王素萍 杜雷 张贵友 黄翔 姜利 程维舜 罗茜 陈钢 张利红 洪娟 WANG Suping;DU Lei;ZHANG Guiyou;HUANG Xiang;JIANG Li;CHENG Weishun;LUO Xi;CHEN Gang;ZHANG Lihong;HONG Juan(Institute of Environmental and Safety,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学院环境与安全研究所,430070

出　　处：《长江蔬菜》2023年第20期73-77,共5页Journal of Changjiang Vegetables

基　　金：武汉市化肥和化学农药减量化技术研究与应用(HA01);武汉市农科院创新项目(XKCX202207)。

摘　　要：为阐明甜玉米化肥减量增效的有效途径,研究了不同化肥减量措施对甜玉米产量、品质及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,优化施肥(包括推荐施肥和不同梯度有机肥替代化肥)可促进甜玉米增产15.14%~25.31%,等养分量条件下,有机肥替代化肥增产4.42%~8.83%,且有机肥替代15%~30%化肥氮可达到较好的产量水平。优化施肥降低甜玉米果实中硝酸盐和淀粉含量,有机肥替代化肥提高甜玉米果实中VC、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。优化施肥促进甜玉米干物质量增加21.06%~26.49%,促进氮素、磷素和钾素的养分积累量分别增加20.11%~31.32%、21.20%~29.59%和6.76%~16.84%;有机肥氮素替代化肥氮素达到45%时,甜玉米的氮素积累量比较低。与农民习惯施肥相比,推荐施肥、有机肥替代15%化学氮肥、有机肥替代30%化学氮肥减少化肥用量的同时降低了肥料成本。综合考虑,有机氮肥替代15%~30%化学氮肥的效果最好,建议推广应用。In order to clarify the effective ways of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency of sweet corn,the effects of different fertilizer reduction measures on yield,quality and soil nutrient content of sweet corn were studied.The results showed that the optimized fertilization(including recommended fertilization and different gradient organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer)could increase the yield of sweet corn by 15.14%-25.31%.Under the condition of equal nutrient component,organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer increased yield by 4.42%-8.83%,and organic fertilizer instead of 15%-30%chemical fertilizer nitrogen could achieve better yield level.Optimized fertilization reduced the content of nitrate and starch in sweet corn fruit,and organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer increased the content of VC,soluble sugar,and soluble protein in sweet corn fruit.Optimized fertilization promoted the dry matter mass of sweet corn by 21.06%-26.49%,and promoted the nutrient accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by 20.11%-31.32%,21.20%-29.59%and 6.76%-16.84%,respectively.The nitrogen accumulation of sweet corn was relatively low when the organic nitrogen fertilizer replaced chemical nitrogen fertilizer by 45%.Compared with farmers'conventional fertilization,recommended fertilization,organic fertilizer instead of 15% chemical nitrogen fertilizer,organic fertilizer instead of 30%chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer and reduced the cost of fertilizer.Considering comprehensively,the effect of replacing 15%-30%chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic nitrogen fertilizer was the best,and it was suggested to be popularized and applied.

关 键 词：甜玉米(Zea mays L.) 有机无机肥配施 产量 品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]