型范未定的改造:1920年代前期“梁启超系”的新文化方案  

Reforms of Undetermined Paradigms:Liang Qichao School's New Culture Proposals in the Early 1920s

作　　者：周月峰 Zhou Yuefeng

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610044

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2023年第9期126-140,282,共16页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22BZS122)。

摘　　要：以往有关五四时期“梁启超系”(及其成员)的研究,多关注他们与五四运动的关系、对中西文化的态度、对社会主义的立场等具体思想观念的表象,较少注意这些表象背后的意图,即他们有一整套国家改造方案。该方案欲以文化改造国家,同时改变国民心理与政治经济等制度,以应对民初以来“拿旧心理运用新制度”的困局,比早期新文化运动侧重国民性改造更进一步。在制度的改造目标上,他们不赞同当时欧化、俄化或复古的倾向,强调“决非先有预定的型范”,希望在解放思想的基础上化合中西文化、吸收社会主义精神,摸索、试验一种全新的理想制度。同时,为使未来的理想制度植基于国民意识之上,他们主张中国文化应更多参与“再造新文明”的试验过程,在旧文化基础上温故知新,养成新的国民心理。Previous research on Liang Qichao School and its members is more focused upon the representations ofconcrete ideas such as their relations to the May-Fourth Movement, their attitudes towards the Chinese andWestern cultures, and their standing on socialism than on the true intention behind such representations whichis a whole set of plans for an overhaul of the nation. This set of plans seek to transform the nation through cul⁃tural reforms and at the same time reshape the national mentality and political-economical institutions, in or⁃der to cope with the dilemma of “using the old mentality to suit the new institutions” since the founding of therepublic, which is a step further than the emphasis on the transformation of national characters in the earlyNew Culture Movement. Instead of the tendencies towards Europeanization, Sovietization or traditionalization,their goals of institutional reforms accentuate the “ absence of pre -determined paradigms” and propose,through ideological liberation, to integrate the Chinese and Western cultures and absorb the essence of social⁃ism, in order to explore and experiment a complete new ideal system;At the meantime, to embed the future i⁃deal system in the national consciousness, they recommend more exposure of the Chinese culture to the experi⁃mentation of “rebuilding a new civilization” in terms of fostering new national mentality out of the traditionalculture.

关 键 词：五四新文化运动 “梁启超系” 中西文化 社会主义 国民心理 

分 类 号：K261[历史地理—历史学]