失超保护系统直流真空断路器开断换流分析  

Analysis of Breaking and Commutation of DC Vacuum Circuit Breaker in Quench Protection System

作　　者：徐猛 仝玮 李华 宋执权 许强林 傅鹏[1] XU Meng;TONG Wei;LI Hua;SONG Zhiquan;XU Qianglin;FU Peng(Institute of Plasma Physics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026 [3]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,合肥230009

出　　处：《高电压技术》2023年第9期3827-3834,共8页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家重大科技基础设施建设项目(2018-000052-73-01-001228)。

摘　　要：磁约束聚变装置的失超保护系统利用直流断路器快速切断超导磁体回路的电流,实现磁体能量的转移与释放,以保障磁体安全。随着超导磁体运行电流等级的不断提升,直流断路器的设计面临着巨大挑战。本文针对10 kV/100 kA的大容量失超保护系统设计,提出使用直流真空断路器作为开断电流的主保护开关,并详细分析了其开断换流过程。首先介绍了失超保护系统的拓扑结构和工作原理;然后具体分析了真空断路器在开断及换流阶段的数学方程,并依据开断可靠性理论,分别对换流回路、泄能回路与缓冲回路进行了计算和参数设计;最后开展了100 kA直流电流开断实验。研究结果表明,失超保护系统中使用真空断路器开断100 kA磁体电流具有理论和工程可行性,并通过实验验证了所设计的真空断路器样机能够有效开断100 kA电流,换流过程符合预期判断。本文的研究工作为大功率失超保护系统中的直流断路器设计提供了技术支撑。In magnetic confinement fusion devices,the quench protection system(QPS)uses DC circuit breaker to quickly interrupt the superconducting magnet current to realize the transfer and release of the magnet energy to ensure its safety.With the continuous upgrade of the superconducting magnet operating current level,the design of DC circuit breaker faces great challenges.In accordance with the 10 kV/100 kA high capacity QPS design,it is proposed that a DC vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)is used as the main protection switch for interrupting 100 kA superconducting magnet current,and its breaking and commutation process is analyzed in detail.Firstly,the topology and working principle of QPS are introduced.Then,the mathematical equations of VCB in the breaking and commutation process are analyzed.Based on the breaking reliability theory of VCB,the calculation and parameter design of the commutation circuit,the energy discharge circuit,and the snubber circuit are carried out,respectively.Finally,the 100 kA DC current breaking experiments are carried out.The study results show that using DC VCB to interrupt the 100 kA magnet current in QPS has theoretical and engineering feasibility,and the experiment verifies that the designed VCB prototype can effectively break 100 kA current,and the commutation process is in line with the expected judgment.The study in this paper provides technical supports for the design of DC circuit breaker in high-power QPS.

关 键 词：超导磁体 失超保护 直流开断 直流真空断路器 换流分析 100 kA磁体电流 

分 类 号：TM561.2[电气工程—电器] TL631[核科学技术—核技术及应用]