土壤有效磷和磷形态对磷肥施用次数的响应  

Responses of Soil Available Phosphorus and Phosphorus Forms to Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Times

作　　者：沈玉荣 李然 徐明岗 周怀平[1] 刘平 孙楠 SHEN Yurong;LI Ran;XU Minggang;ZHOU Huaiping;LIU Ping;SUN Nan(Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources,Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院,土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,太原030031 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第10期173-181,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目;山西省科技合作交流专项(202104041101002)。

摘　　要：磷肥在土壤中易被固定是磷肥利用率低的主要原因,为研究施肥次数对磷肥有效性的影响,依托山西省晋中市寿阳县长期施肥试验基地,采集3个不同有效磷(Olsen-P)水平(19.4、24.2、49.7 mg·kg^(-1))的褐土,将等量的磷肥(磷酸二氢钾)1次与分3次分别添加到不同Olsen-P水平的土壤中,恒温培养90 d,间隔取样11次测定土壤Olsen-P含量,培养结束后测定土壤磷形态,分析施肥次数对土壤有效磷含量、固磷率和磷形态的影响,解析不同施肥次数下磷肥有效性的差异特征。结果表明,施肥90 d后,磷肥分3次施用的土壤Olsen-P含量比1次施用显著增加,在3个Olsen-P水平增加率依次为21.0%、13.5%和9.4%;而磷肥固定率则显著降低,在3个Olsen-P水平降低率依次为8.0%、6.8%和10.5%。米氏方程能更好地拟合土壤对磷的固定过程,磷肥1次施用的最大固磷率大于分3次施用,但达到最大固磷率50%的时间短于分3次施用。磷肥1次施用下,磷的固定率随Olsen-P水平增加而降低;分3次施用下,在高Olsen-P水平(49.7 mg·kg^(-1))的土壤上,磷的固定率比低Olsen-P水平(19.4~24.2 mg·kg^(-1))的土壤显著降低了10.8%~12.4%。与磷肥1次施用相比,磷肥分3次施用的土壤活性态磷含量增加了6.8%~12.1%,土壤稳定态磷含量则降低了8.4%。本研究表明,磷肥分3次施用可显著提升土壤磷的有效性、降低磷肥固定率;土壤Olsen-P水平越高,磷肥被土壤固定的数量和比例越小;磷肥分3次施用能提升土壤Olsen-P含量、降低磷肥固定率、提高活性磷含量。结果对提高磷肥的利用率具有重要指导意义,为磷肥高效利用和科学施用提供了理论依据。The easy fixation of phosphorus fertilizer in soil is a main reason for the low utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer.In order to study the effects of fertilization frequency on availability of phosphorus fertilizer,three cinnamon soils with different Olsen-P levels(19.4,24.2,49.7 mg·kg^(-1))were collected in the long-term fertilization test based on Shouyang County,Jinzhong City Shanxi Province,and the same amount of phosphorus fertilizer(potassium dihydrogen phosphate)was added to the soil with different Olsen-P levels by once and 3 times,respectively.The soil with Olsen-P was incubated under constant temperature condition for 90 d,soil Olsen-P content was measured by 11 sampling intervals,and the phosphorus forms in soil were measured at the end of incubation.The effects of fertilization frequency on soil Olsen-P content,phosphorus fixation rate and phosphorus forms were analyzed,and characteristics on availability of phosphorus fertilizer under different fertilization times were clarified.The results showed that after 90 d of fertilization,the soil Olsen-P contents under 3 times of application increased significantly compared with that of once of application,and the increase rates at 3 Olsen-P levels were 21.0%,13.5%and 9.4%,respectively.However,the phosphorus fixation rate decreased significantly,which were 8.0%,6.8%and 10.5%at 3 Olsen-P levels,respectively.The Michaelis-Menten equation betterly fitted the process of soil phosphorus fixation.The maximum phosphorus fixation rate of once application was greater than that of 3 times application,but the time to reach 50%of the maximum phosphorus fixation rate was shorter than that of 3 times application.The phosphorus fixation rate decreased with the increase of Olsen-P levers under once application.Phosphorus fixation rate in high Olsen-P(49.7 mg·kg^(-1))soil was significantly reduced by 10.8%~12.4%compared with low Olsen-P(19.4~24.2 mg·kg^(-1))soil under 3 times application.When compared with once application,the content of labile P in soil increased by

关 键 词：磷的固定 多次施用 动力学方程 Olsen-P水平 磷形态 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]