战略三角、关键地位变动与美国政府在中印边界问题上的偏好转变  

Strategic Triangles and Shifting Positions:The Changing Preferences of the U.S. Government with Respect to the China-India Border Dispute

作　　者：隋雪濛 Sui Xuemeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2023年第3期28-55,157,共29页South Asian Studies

基　　金：2020年国家社科重大项目“印太战略下‘东盟中心地位’重构与中国—东盟共建‘海上丝绸之路’研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD145)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从1962年中印边境冲突,到2017年中印洞朗对峙,再到2020年中印边界西段加勒万河谷事件,美国政府逐渐放弃在中印边界问题上的模糊“中立”立场,向在外交和军事方面公开支持印度的方向转变。本文基于战略三角理论分析认为,美国在该问题上的偏好转变是其在中美印战略三角中关键地位的逐渐丧失导致的。由于中印相对实力上升、中美和中印对抗性加剧、中印外交态度转变等因素,中美印战略三角结构出现变动,致使美国从1962年中印边境冲突前后中印对立的关键地位滑向了2020年中印边界西段加勒万河谷事件前后中美对立的“侧翼”位置,使其需要利用中印边界问题挑拨中印关系,重新获得战略优势。From the 1962 Sino-Indian border conflict,to the 2017Doklam standoff,and further to the 2020 clash along the western border between India and China,the U.S.government gradually abandoned its vague position of "neutrality" on the China-India Border issue and has shifted towards providing India with both diplomatic and military support.What caused the preferences of the U.S.government to change in this regard?Based on the strategic triangle model,this article analyzes the shifting U.S.preferences vis-à-vis the Sino-India border dispute,and argues that the change was caused by the gradual loss of the key position of the United States within the strategic triangle between the three states.Due to factors such as the rising relative power of China and India,increased confrontation between China and the U.S.and China and India and shifts in the diplomatic postures of India and China,the underlying structure of the triangular relations between China,the U.S.and India has changed.This has caused the U.S.to shift away from the pivotal position it played before and after the 1962 border conflict,towards gradually tilting towards India as it did in the 2020 clash along the western border.This shift resulted in the U.S.exploiting the China-India border issue to sow discord in the China-India relationship as a means of regaining strategic advantage.

关 键 词：战略三角 中美印关系 美国政府 中印边界问题 政策偏好 

分 类 号：D822.335.1[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—外交学]