以多极对抗单极:俄罗斯推动多极化的理念与实践  

Use Multipolar to Confront Unipolar:Russia's Ideas and Practices on Multi-Polarization

作　　者：欧阳向英[1,2,3] Ouyang Xiangying

机构地区：[1]中国社科院大学国际政治经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所、国家全球战略智库 [3]南开大学-中国社科院大学21世纪马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2023年第5期105-122,165,共19页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“新时代中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系研究”(20AGJ012)中期成果。

摘　　要：“多极化”是两极格局终结后作为“单极世界”的对立面出现的。进入21世纪,新兴国家走上群体性崛起道路,俄罗斯不甘处于边缘地位,而欧洲、日本等发达国家和地区也出现了战略自主的势头,多极化概念由是盛行。普京上台后,从国际政治、国家安全、经济一体化等各方面重塑俄罗斯的大国地位,采取了一系列旨在推动多极化的措施。俄罗斯在外交实践中特别强调联合国、国际机制和国际法的权威地位和作用,而遏制美国的单边主义、反对世界单极化趋势,是俄罗斯积极参与联合国行动的目的之一。普京提出大欧亚伙伴战略,代替原来的大欧洲和融入欧洲战略,也是推动国际政治多极化的战略调整。在国际安全领域,俄罗斯一方面大力发展核武器,使其成为维持战略均势的重要手段,另一方面积极建立区域集体安全机制,促进独联体安全合作。在国际经济领域,作为重要能源出口大国,俄至今未加入国际能源机构,且与欧佩克形成独立并行的局面;以区域一体化为抓手,推动欧亚经济联盟建设。多极化是新兴大国反对霸权主义的重要手段。相比较而言,俄罗斯的多极化主张更强调斗争性,而非同一性。俄乌冲突背景下,如何塑造一个更能被世界所接受和认同的俄罗斯,还是一个难题。“Multi-Polarization”emerged as the opposite of the“Unipolar World”after the end of the Bipolar Pattern.In the 21st century,the emerging countries have embarked on the path of collective rise,while Russia is unwilling to be marginalized.Europe and Japan have also shown a trend of strategic autonomy,and the concept of multi-polarization has begun to prevail.After Putin took office,he took a series of measures aimed at promoting multi-polarization in order to reshape Russia's status as a major power.Russia particularly emphasizes the authoritative status and role of the United Nations,international mechanisms,and international law,and curbing US unilateralism and opposing the trend of world unilateralism is one of the purposes for Russia to actively participate in United Nations actions.Putin's proposal to replace the original Greater Europe and Integration into Europe strategy with the Greater Eurasian Partnership strategy is also a strategic adjustment to promote international political multi-polarization.In the field of international security,on the one hand,Russia vigorously develops nuclear weapons,and on the other hand,actively establishes regional collective security mechanisms to promote security cooperation in the Commonwealth of Independent States.In the international economic field,as an important energy exporting country,Russia is independent from OPEC,and at the same time,Russia promotes the construction of the Eurasian Economic Union through regional integration.Multi-Polarization is an important means for emerging powers to oppose hegemonism.Compared to other countries,Russia's multi-polarization initiative emphasizes more on struggle rather than identity.In the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,how to build a Russia that is more accepted and recognized by the world is still a difficult problem.

关 键 词：俄罗斯外交 多极化 单极世界 俄乌冲突 俄美关系 

分 类 号：D851.2[政治法律—政治学]