民国时期圆明园划归清华大学之争论——以北平报刊舆论为中心  

On the Argument over the Allocation of Yuanmingyuan to Tsinghua University in the Republic of China--Centered on the Public Opinion of Newspapers in Beijing

作　　者：刘仲华[1] Liu Zhonghua

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院历史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期88-101,223,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：自第二次鸦片战争英法联军抢掠、焚毁西郊“御园”,圆明园沦为“废园”之后,如何利用这片荒废之地便成为不同历史时期国人的心事所系。1933年10月,南京国民政府为改良发展农业,训令将圆明园遗址划拨清华大学筹办农学院,以谋振兴农业,结果引起园中佃户的激烈反对。几经波折,于1934年6月清华大学接收圆明园,但由于日本侵华,北平高校纷纷南迁,名义上接收的清华大学并未真正经营圆明园。更重要的是,此时国人关于圆明园遗址价值的重构,不仅左右了争论中各方的立场和观点,而且成为后来塑造圆明园归宿的唯一关键性因素。During the Second Opium War,the British and French Allied Forces looted and burned Yuanmingyuan(The Summer Palace).Since then,how to use this wasteland has become a concern of Chinese people in different historical periods.In October 1933,in order to improve and develop agriculture,the Nanjing National Government ordered that Yuanmingyuan should be allocated to Tsinghua University so as to establish an agricultural college.As a result,the tenants in Yuanmingyuan fiercely opposed it.Later,in June 1934,Tsinghua University took over Yuanmingyuan.However,due to the Japanese invasion of China,universities in Beijing moved south to seek refuge,and Tsinghua University did not really manage Yuanmingyuan.More importantly,the reconstruction of the value of Yuanmingyuan site by Chinese people at the time not only affected the positions and views of all parties in the debate,but also became the only key factor shaping the fate of Yuanmingyuan.

关 键 词：圆明园遗址 圆明园佃户 清华大学 北京市农会 北京报刊舆论 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] G649.29[历史地理—中国史] G219.29[文化科学—高等教育学]