从“银贵钱贱”到“银铜皆贱”:晚清通货膨胀层级特征演化研究  

From"Silver Is Expensive and Copper Money Is Cheap"to"Silver and Copper Are Cheap":A Study of the Evolution of the Characteristics of Inflationary Layers in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：田牛 袁为鹏 Tian Niu;Yuan Weipeng

机构地区：[1]湖北师范大学历史与文化学院,黄石435002 [2]上海交通大学人文学院历史系,上海200240

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期170-179,225,共11页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清以来我国传统工商业账簿史料整理与研究”(21&ZD078)。

摘　　要：晚清中国处于传统向近代转型时期,通货膨胀同样具有过渡形态特点。铸币材料来源的多元化和各级政府对于发行权控制力差异,造成币种之间购买力变化的区别,构成通货膨胀层级性。咸丰朝币种购买力之间的背离和新政时期同向失速形成各自表征。表象化区别掩盖下的是货币政策对财政依附和传统货币思想主导地位。晚清通货膨胀层次性特征折射发行权力离散的状况和程度,在反映物价水平变迁之时深刻揭露中央政府对于发行权的失控。层级性则是货币权力外移和清政府对不同币种控制力差异的主要体现。它通过通胀为舞台将中央权力离散的危害性和传统货币制度、思想的落后性暴露无遗。Late Qing China was in a period of transition from traditional to modern times,and inflation was also characterized by transitional patterns.The diversified sources of minting materials and the different levels of government control over issuance power caused differences in purchasing power changes between coins,constituting inflationary hierarchy.The divergence between the purchasing power of the coins of the Xianfeng Dynasty and the same direction of stagnation during the New Deal period form their respective representations.Under the cover of the apparent difference was the dependence of monetary policy on finance and the dominance of traditional monetary thinking.The hierarchical nature of inflation in the late Qing Dynasty revealed the dispersion and extent of the Qing government's fiscal power,reflecting the changes in price levels while profoundly exposing the central government's lack of control over the issuing power.Hierarchy was the main manifestation of the outward shift of monetary power and the difference in the Qing government's control over different currencies.It exposed the danger of the dispersion of central power and the backwardness of the traditional monetary system and ideology through the stage of inflation.

关 键 词：通货膨胀 银贵钱贱 银铜皆贱 铜元 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] F822.9[历史地理—中国史]