53种杀菌剂对家蚕的毒性与风险性评价  

Toxicity and Risk Assessment of 53 Fungicides on Silkworm

作　　者：戴建忠 濮利罡 陈伟国 杨一平 孙海燕 戎凤鸣 DAI Jianzhong;PU Ligang;CHEN Weiguo;YANG Yiping;SUN Haiyan;RONG Fengming(Haining Cash Crop Technical Service Station,Jiaxing 314400 Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Yayun Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Jiaxing 314408 Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]海宁市经济作物技术服务站,浙江嘉兴314400 [2]浙江雅云生态农业有限公司,浙江嘉兴314407

出　　处：《蚕桑通报》2023年第1期26-30,51,共6页Bulletin of Sericulture

基　　金：浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2022SNJF043);浙江省蚕桑产业团队技术项目(浙农科发〔2022〕10号)。

摘　　要：本试验测定评价了53种杀菌剂对家蚕的急性毒性、风险性和残毒期,12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂等3种杀菌剂对家蚕毒性中等,22.5%啶氧菌酯悬浮剂等47种杀菌剂为低毒,10亿CFU/g多黏类芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂等3种微生物杀菌剂未划分毒性等级;12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂和72%霜脲·锰锌可湿性粉剂对家蚕具有高风险性,22.5%啶氧菌酯悬浮剂等20种杀菌剂对家蚕具有中等风险性,0.2%补骨脂种子提取物微乳剂等31种杀菌剂对家蚕为低风险性;5种杀菌剂在桑叶上的残毒期为:12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂1000倍稀释液3 d,66%代森锰锌·缬菌胺水分散粒剂400倍稀释液5 d,72%霜脲·锰锌可湿性粉剂250倍稀释液7 d,60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂1000倍稀释液>30 d,22.5%啶氧菌酯悬浮剂1000倍稀释液>40 d。因此,在桑园及其周边农田使用杀菌剂时,应选择毒性低、风险性小、残毒期短的品种,防止污染桑叶而导致养蚕中毒损失。This experiment evaluated the acute toxicity,risk,and residual period of 53 fungicides on silkworms.Three fungicides,including 12.5%fluconazole suspension,had moderate toxicity to silkworms,while 47 fungicides,including 22.5%pyrrolidone suspension,were low toxicity.Three microbial fungicides,including 1 billion CFU/g polymyxoid bacillus wettable powder,were not classified as toxic;12.5%epoxiconazole suspension agent and 72%frost urea·manganese zinc wettable powder have high risk to silkworm,20 fungicides such as 22.5%dimethoxystrobin suspension agent have medium risk to silkworm,and 31 fungicides such as 0.2%Cullen corylifolium seed extract microemulsion have low risk to silkworm;The residual toxicity period of the five fungicides on mulberry leaves is as follows:12.5%fluconazole suspension 1000 times Paint thinner for 3 days,66%mancozeb·valpromide water dispersible granule 400 times Paint thinner for 5 d,72%fluconazole·mancozeb wettable powder 250 times Paint thinner for 7 days,60%azodime·mancozeb water dispersible granule 1000 times Paint thinner for 30 days,and 22.5%dimethoxystrobin suspension 1000 times Paint thinner for 40 d.Therefore,when using fungicides in mulberry orchards and surrounding farmland,varieties with low toxicity,low risk,and short residual toxicity period should be selected to prevent contamination of mulberry leaves and resulting in silkworm poisoning losses.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 家蚕 急性毒性 风险性 残毒期 

分 类 号：S884[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]