酶材料及凝胶对碑刻文物表面墨迹的清洗研究  

Study on the cleaning of ink marks on stone monuments by enzyme and gel

作　　者：郭箐 周双林[2] GUO Qing;ZHOU Shuanglin(China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [2]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第5期57-65,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：对于石质碑刻文物表面的墨迹污染,常常使用常规物理清洗方法,但清洗效果一般,酶材料在文物表面墨迹清洗中还没有相关研究。本工作对不同的酶及其与表面活性剂复配后制得的酶清洗剂进行墨迹清洗实验,对比清洗前后的照片、显微照片和色差值。其中,碱性蛋白酶对墨迹的清洗效果最佳,与非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO 9)复配后制得酶清洗剂,再与卡波姆940胶凝制成清洗凝胶。该清洗凝胶对石质碑刻文物有很好的贴敷性能,增强了清洗材料与文物表面的接触性,显著提升清洗效果,适合作为清洗剂的载体应用在碑刻文物上,并通过现场实验证明了能够明显清洗干净碑刻表面的浓厚墨迹。Our country boasts an extensive collection of stone monuments.Employing traditional techniques for rubbings on these artifacts allows for the limitless replication of their inscribed content,serving both dissemination and preservation purposes.However,improper handling during the rubbing process can lead to ink contamination on the surface of these relics.A prevalent issue is that a significant number of stone monuments in China are dense ink layers that obscure their original appearance,rendering it challenging to discern the pre-existing characters and patterns on stone surfaces.The main approach to the removal of ink contamination on the surfaces of stone monuments is conventional physical cleaning methods.These methods lack the requisite specificity to selectively target the inky residues.Comprising solid carbon black particulates mixed with animal glue and water,the ink is subjected to pounding repeatedly before becoming dry.Subsequently,the ink adhered to the stone surface using animal glue as an adhesive forms indelible traces that are difficult to remove.This animal glue is predominantly constituted by proteins.By disrupting the protein within the animal glue,its adhesive properties are lost,and thus the ink will lose its ability to adhere to the stone surface.To verify this concept,our study compared the property of protein enzymes to hydrolyze the main protein component of animal glue,investigating the efficacy of bio-cleaning agents formulated from different protein enzymes and comparing them with conventional physical cleaning methods.The effectiveness of various cleaning materials was assessed through comparative analyses of photographs,microscopic images and chromatism before and after cleaning.Experimental results demonstrate that enzyme cleaning agents formulated with surfactants exhibited more noticeable ink removal effects compared to deionized water and ethanol.Among enzyme materials,a 1%alkaline protease solution achieved the best ink removal results.Formulating enzyme materials with sodium do

关 键 词：酶 石质文物 墨迹 凝胶 

分 类 号：K876.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]