氨分解制氢催化剂:结构和电子效应  

Catalysts for hydrogen production by decomposition of ammonia:structure and electronic effects

作　　者：陈孝丽 文婕[1] 张辉[1] CHEN Xiao-li;WEN Jie;ZHANG Hui(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《应用化工》2021年第S01期310-317,共8页Applied Chemical Industry

摘　　要：为解决燃料电池高纯氢能来源,氨催化分解制得的无CO_(x)氢气反应备受关注,但是氨分解催化剂面临显著的高温不稳定以及低温活性较低的问题。简述了氨分解反应动力学相关研究以及不同类型的氨分解催化剂,为催化剂改性提供理论指导。综述了近年来改进氨低温分解催化剂效能的研究进展,并着重总结氨分解催化剂活性中心尺寸、电子性质以及几何结构方面的研究进展,通过这些实例有望为合理设计和合成低温高活性且稳定的氨分解催化剂提供参考。指出在催化剂与反应物界面上得到明确的反应机理,从而开发高效稳定氨分解催化剂是氨分解制氢技术的关键。In order to solve the source of high purity hydrogen energy for fuel cells,CO_(x)-free hydrogen produced by ammonia decomposition has attracted much attention.However,ammonia decomposition catalysts are faced with the problems of high temperature instability and poor activity at low temperature.The kinetics research of ammonia decomposition and different types of ammonia decomposition catalysts were briefly described,which can provide theoretical guidance for catalyst modification,the research progress of the efficiency improvement of low temperature ammonia decomposition catalysts in recent years was described.It focusing on the research progress of ammonia decomposition catalysts in size,electronic properties and the geometric structure,and these examples are expected to provide references for rationally designing and synthesising highly active and stable ammonia decomposition catalyst at low temperature,it is pointed out that the optimization of catalyst is the key of ammonia decomposition technology for hydrogen production.With the development of surface science,material synthesis,characterization methods and computational tools,it is expected that the research on the interface between catalyst and reactant can get a clear mechanism,thus greatly promoting the development of efficient and stable ammonia decomposition catalysts.

关 键 词：氨分解 制氢 催化剂 稳定性 结构效应 电子效应 

分 类 号：TQ426.6[化学工程]