天府花生品种亲缘系谱分析及主要农艺和经济性状演变  

Pedigree analysis of Tianfu peanut varieties and evolution of main agronomic and economic characteristics

作　　者：游宇 王朝欢 张珍珍 王洋 毛金雄 夏友霖 YOU Yu;WANG Chao-huan;ZHANG Zhen-zhen;WANG Yang;MAO Jin-xiong;XIA You-lin(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第5期887-895,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：四川省农作物育种攻关计划(2021YFYZ0018);国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-13);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川区域特色经济作物创新团队(2019-2023);南充市重大科技专项(22ZDKJZX0002)。

摘　　要：“天府花生”是我国主要的花生品种系列之一,是四川盆地花生产区主栽品种。为弄清天府花生品种亲缘系谱及主要农艺性状和经济性状演变情况,明确未来育种方向和目标,对育成的37个天府花生品种的亲缘系谱关系及14个主要农艺和经济性状演变趋势进行了分析。结果显示,37个天府花生品种来源于55个细胞核祖先亲本和15个细胞质祖先亲本,主要包括罗江鸡窝、伏花生和熊岳1号;相关的直接亲本52个,主要包括育成品种与中间材料,来自四川的直接亲本34个,在亲本总数中占比65.38%;品种改良主要通过杂交育种,在杂交育种亲本选择的所有组配方式中“育成品种×中间材料”占比最高,达40.63%;育成品种荚果增产显著,品质虽无显著变化,但已育成少量高油酸、高油品种。今后的主要任务是在保持天府花生荚果中等偏小、出仁率高、油亚比值较高等传统特点的基础上,将通用型普通油酸品种改良为食用、油用或加工用等专用型高油酸品种,以适应新时期对优质天府花生品种的多样性需求。Tianfu peanut series represents a prominent category in China and recognized as the primary cultivar within the peanut-producing region of Sichuan Basin.To comprehend the phylogeny of Tianfu peanut varieties and the evolution of key agronomic and economic traits,we conducted an analysis on the pedigree relationship and evolutionary trends of 37 main Tianfu peanut varieties,focusing on 14 essential agronomic and economic characteristics.Our findings revealed that these 37 varieties originated from 55 nuclear ancestor parents and 15 cytoplasmic ancestor parents,predominatly including Luojiangjiwo,Fuhuasheng,and Xiongyue 1.Among the 52 related direct parents predominately comprising bred varieties and intermediate materials,34 were derived from Sichuan Basin,accounting for approximately 65.38%of all parentage combinations.Notably,variety improvement predominantly occurred through crossbreeding techniques,with"bred variety×intermediate materials"combinations representing the highest proportion at 40.63%.While there were no significant quality attributes,pod yield significantly increased due to breeding efforts;additionally,a few oleic acid and high oil varieties were successfully developed.Moving forward,our focus lies in transforming general common oleic acid varieties into specialized high oleic acid variants suitable for edible oil production or processing while preserving the traditional characteristics associated with medium-small seed size typical to Tianfu peanuts–thus meeting diverse demands for superior-quality Tianfu peanut cultivars in this new era.

关 键 词：天府花生 品种 亲缘系谱 农艺性状 经济性状 演变 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]