2011-2022年四川省审定春、夏大豆品种主要性状演变趋势分析  

Trends of main traits for spring and summer soybean cultivars released in Sichuan from 2011 to 2022

作　　者：杨文英 于晓波 安建刚 曾召琼 冯军 梁建秋 王嘉[2] 张明荣 吴海英 YANG Wen-ying;YU Xiao-bo;AN Jian-gang;ZENG Zhao-qiong;FENG Jun;LIAN Jian-qiu;WANG Jia;ZHANG Ming-rong;WU Hai-ying(Nanchong Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Nanchong 637000,China;Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000 [2]西南大学,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第5期935-946,共12页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：四川省突破性油料育种材料和方法创新及新品种选育(2021YFYZ0018);现代农业产业技术体系四川豆类杂粮创新团队(SCCXTD-2022-20);国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES25);南充市农业科学院青年基金(2021NQJ01)。

摘　　要：为提升四川大豆育种水平,分析了2011-2022年四川省审定的28份春大豆与25份夏大豆的产量、品质、抗病性和相关农艺性状的变化趋势及相关性,以期为四川大豆育种提供参考。结果显示,春大豆、夏大豆品种的平均产量分别是2583.75 kg·hm-2和1784.70 kg·hm-2,平均生育日数分别为113.2 d和129.9 d,平均蛋白含量分别是44.59%和46.61%。春、夏大豆品种的单株有效分枝、单株有效荚及单株粒数均随年份变化呈线性下降趋势,而百粒重均随年份变化呈线性上升趋势。产量均随年份更替呈线性上升趋势且与年份呈极显著正相关;生育日数随年份更替呈线性缩短趋势且与年份呈极显著负相关,百粒重与产量的相关性最高,表明百粒重的增加是该区域产量提升的关键。蛋白含量达45%及以上的春大豆高蛋白品种有13个;夏大豆高蛋白品种有18个。春、夏大豆的品质性状变异幅度均比较小,且与年份分别呈二次函数和线性函数关系。蛋白含量与脂肪含量均呈极显著负相关,蛋脂总和与蛋白含量均呈极显著正相关,与脂肪含量相关性不显著。春、夏大豆的产量均与生育日数呈极显著负相关,株高与主茎节数均呈极显著正相关。2017-2022年审定春、夏大豆分别为11份和14份,对大豆花叶病毒株系SC3和SC7同时达到中抗及以上的品种数分别为2份和3份,占比分别为18.18%和21.43%。因此,未来在四川省进行春大豆育种时,应着重提升产量,加强病毒抗性,并提高种子质量;夏大豆育种在提升产量的同时,重点培育品质优良的中熟、高蛋白新品种,并协同提高病毒抗性。To improve the soybean breeding of Sichuan Province,data were analyzed on the changing of yield,quality,disease resistance and related agronomic traits of 28 spring and 25 summer soybean cultivars released in 2011-2022.Results showed that the average yield of spring and summer cultivars were 2583.75 kg·hm^(-2)and 1784.70 kg·hm^(-2)respectively,the average days from VE-R8 were 113.2 d and 129.9 d respectively,and the average protein contents were 44.59%and 46.61%respectively.Their effective branches per plant,effective pods per plant,and grains per plant decreased linearly with the years.But their 100-seed weight increased linearly with the years,and showed extremely positive correlations with the year.The days from VE to R8 decreased linearly with the years,and showed negative correlations with the year.Correlation coefficient between 100-seed weight and yield was the highest among the agronomic traits,indicating that the increase of 100-seed weight might be an important factor for yield.13 spring cultivars had higher protein contents,and 18 summer cultivars had higher protein contents(both≥45%).Variation ranges of quality traits of spring and summer cultivars were small,showing quadratic function and linear function with the years respectively.Protein content had extremely significant negative correlation with fat content.The total content had extremely significant positive correlations with protein content,while had no significant correlation with fat content.The yield had extremely significant negative correlations with the duration of VE-R8,and plant height had extremely significant positive correlations with the number of main stem nodes.For soybean mosaic virus resistance,among the 11 and 14 spring and summer cultivars released in 2017-2022,2(18.18%)and 3(21.43%)were moderate resistant to soybean mosaic virus(strains SC3 and SC7).Thus the breeding emphasis should be focused on increasing yield,virus resistance and seed quality for spring soybean;while increasing yield,good quality,moderate maturity and

关 键 词：春大豆 夏大豆 产量 生育日数 高蛋白 抗性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]