膜下滴灌条件下氮钾肥基追比对风沙地土壤养分、酶活性及花生产量的影响  

Effects of basal topdressing ratio on nutrient and enzymatic activity of sand soil and yield of peanut under mulch drip irrigation system

作　　者：陶群 姜美丽 修翠波 史普想 TAO Qun;JIANG Mei-li;XIU Cui-bo;SHI Pu-xiang(Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Qingdao Jimo District,Qingdao 266200,China;Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Sand Soils of Liaoning,Fuxin 123000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市即墨区农业农村发展服务中心,山东青岛266200 [2]辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第5期1016-1021,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省农业科学院院长青年基金(2021QN2009);“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关专项(2021JH/10400034)。

摘　　要：为提高东北农牧交错区花生的科学施肥效果,明确水肥一体化条件下肥料最佳的基追比例,在田间膜下滴灌条件下,设计了不同基追比(每公顷施用氮肥68.18 kg,磷肥22.08 kg,钾肥174.33 kg;磷肥全部用作基肥,氮肥和钾肥按全部施肥量的0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%作为追肥),分别于苗期、开花下针期、结荚期、饱果期各施肥1次,即T0、T20、T40、T60、T80和T100处理,其余作为基肥。研究调查了不同基追比对风沙地土壤养分、酶活性及花生产量的影响。结果表明:土壤有机质含量、速效氮含量、脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性随追肥比例的增加而增加,随土层厚度的增加而降低;随着追肥比例的增加,花生产量呈先增高后降低的趋势,均比传统施肥方式T0有所提高,两年增产幅度为3.77%~41.27%;在T60时产量达到最高,分别为6427.7 kg/hm^(2)和6046.8 kg/hm^(2);全部用作追肥时增产不明显,两年平均增产4.53%。综上所述,田间水肥一体化条件下,全部施肥量的40%用作底肥,60%用作追肥时效果最佳。For high yield peanut in Northeast Agro-pastoral Ecotone,topdressing ratios of NPK fertilizer(pure N 68.18 kg/hm^(2),P 22.08 kg/hm^(2),and K 174.33 kg/hm^(2))were used in 6 treatments for investigation of NPK effects.The field experiment was conducted under mulch drip irrigation.Nutrient and enzymatic activities of sandy soil and peanut yield were detected to clarify the optimal basal/topdressing ratio.Results showed that the content of soil organic matter and available N,the activity of urease and sucrase were both increased with the topdressing ratio,while the thicker the soil layer,the lower its content and activity were.The peanut yield was increased firstly and then decreased with the topdressing ratio,which was higher than the traditional fertilization method.The two-year peanut increasing yield range was 3.77%-41.27%.Yields reached the highest at T60,as 6427.7 kg/hm^(2)and 6046.8 kg/hm^(2)respectively.When all of the NK fertilizers were used as topdressing,the yield was not increased obviously,which was average 4.53%higher in two years.In summary,it had the best effect with 40%of the total fertilization amount used as the base fertilizer,and 60%used as topdressing under water and fertilizer integration measures in the area.

关 键 词：花生 膜下滴灌 基追比 土壤养分 酶活性 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]