快速城市化地区生态网络构建与优化——以北京市大兴区为例  

Construction and optimization of ecological network in rapidly urbanized area:A case study of Daxing District,Beijing

作　　者：刘秀萍 李新宇 李延明 赵松婷 戴子云 段敏杰 LIU Xiuping;LI Xinyu;LI Yanming;ZHAO Songting;DAI Ziyun;DUAN Minjie(Beijing Urban Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ecological Function Assessment and Regulation Technology of Green Space,Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市园林绿化科学研究院,园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京市重点实验室,北京城市生态系统定位监测研究站,北京100102

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第20期8321-8331,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京市重点实验室开放课题重点研发项目(STZD202301);北京市科技重大项目(D171100007117001);北京市公园管理中心科技课题项目(zx2020020)。

摘　　要：快速城市化直接导致生境日益破碎化,景观连通性和生态系统稳定性降低,环境不断恶化。构建完善的生态网络能够有效缓解快速城市化带来的系列生态环境问题,是城市生态系统修复、生物多样性保护的重要途径。以北京市大兴区为例,基于2019年6—8月高分辨率遥感影像分类解译提取的土地覆盖数据,应用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)和景观连通性评价方法识别提取了生态源地,通过构建生态阻力面和运用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)识别了潜在生态廊道并应用重力模型对廊道系统进行了重要性分级,最后采用网络指数对研究区生态网络进行评价和优化,提出了有针对性的生态网络优化对策。结果表明:研究区核心区面积为349.42km^(2),占研究区总面积的33.73%;生态源地16块,总面积85.15km^(2),占总面积的8.2%;潜在生态廊道120条、生态节点49个,其中一级生态廊道39条、二级生态廊道81条。在生态网络优化方面,新增4块生态源地、70条规划生态廊道和17个生态节点,规划建设20处“踏脚石”,识别修复72个主要生态断裂点。实施这些优化措施后,网络闭合(α)指数、点线率(β)指数、网络连接度(γ)指数均有所提高,表明生态网络连接度得到有效优化。研究区虽具备较丰富的绿地资源,但在快速城市化过程中出现了生态斑块破碎化、分布不均衡、连通性较差等生态问题,生态源地和廊道主要分布在西部、南部永定河流域绿地以及东南部平原造林区,应重点加强研究区中北部的生态建设与修复。生态网络的构建与优化对于该区域生态系统修复、生物多样性保护具有重要意义,也可为其他快速城市化地区生态建设与优化修复、生态空间可持续发展提供参考借鉴。Rapid urbanization may lead to fragmentation of ecological patches and decrease in the landscape connectivity of urban green spaces.This change may result in continuous deterioration of the ecological environment.A well⁃connected ecological network can effectively alleviate many ecological and environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization and is important for biodiversity protection,urban ecosystem restoration,and sustainable development of urban and rural ecological spaces.This study selected the Daxing District of Beijing City as the study area and identified ecological source patches using remotely sensed land cover data and the morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)tool.The minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model was used to generate a resistance surface,based upon which potentially ecological corridors were extracted.Then,gravity model was applied to classify the importance of the corridors.Finally,the ecological network was evaluated and optimized using the relevant network index,and the measures to optimize the ecological network were identified.The results indicated that forest land occupied the largest proportion(37.32%)of land cover in the study area,followed by construction land(28.9%)and farmland(19.2%).The MSPA analysis divided the ecological patches that were identified into seven types:core area,bridging area,ring road area,isolated island area,pore area,edge area,and branch area.The core area was 349.42km^(2),accounting for 33.73%of the study area.The majority of ecological fragments were distributed in the west,south,and southeast of the Daxing District and along the Yongding River.According to the values of patch importance(dIIC and dPC),16 key ecological sources were selected,covering area of 85.15km^(2) and accounting for 8.2%of the study area.A resistance surface was generated by the MCR model and 120 corridors were identified.The importance of the corridors,which included 39 important corridors and 81 general corridors,was classified using the gravity model.In terms of ecologic

关 键 词：生态网络 最小累积阻力模型(MCR) 景观连通性 形态学空间格局分析(MSPA) 大兴区 

分 类 号：TU984.115[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]