极端暴雨下山地丘陵区小流域洪水淹没强度对景观特征的响应——以河南“7·20”暴雨为例  

Response of flood inundation depth intensity to landscape characteristics in small watershed of hilly areas under extreme rainstorms:an example of“7⁃20”rainstorm in Henan Province

作　　者：张煜森 段彦博 吴哲元 刘洋[1,2] 曹洋 雷雅凯[1,2] ZHANG Yusen;DUAN Yanbo;WU Zheyuan;LIU Yang;CAO Yang;LEI Yakai(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Landscape Architecture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院,郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学河南省风景园林国际联合实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第20期8359-8374,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：2023河南省重点研发与推广专项(软科学研究)项目(232400410293);2020河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助项目(2020GGJS049);河南省国际合作研究项目(HNGD2021035);2021河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2021SJGLX162Y)。

摘　　要：通过分析郑州7·20暴雨事件中贾峪河山地丘陵区小流域的洪水过程,探究景观特征对洪水淹没强度影响的时空分布规律,并提出增强流域洪水韧性的规划建议,以缓解河南省山区所面临的社会经济发展、生态环境改善等问题。基于高分6号遥感数据、先进陆地观测卫星(ALOS,Advance Land Observing Satellite)相控阵L频段合成孔径雷达(PALSAR)的地表高程数据和小时降雨量数据,利用MIKE 21水动力模型构建贾峪河流域二维水文模型,分析其2021年7月20日0—24时期上、中、下游的洪水淹没深度和面积,并结合双变量空间自相关模型方法,探究洪水淹没强度与各景观组成和地形因素在时间和空间上的相关性的差异以及其空间聚类类型。研究表明:(1)贾峪河流域淹没面积在0—6时快速增长,于18时达到最大9.59km^(2),此时各区域淹没面积占比从大到小依次为下游18.88%、上游8.25%、中游12.03%,淹没深度在3m以上的面积占36.11%。(2)地形因素(平均Moran′s I=0.159)对洪水强度的影响大于土地类型(平均Moran′s I=0.096),主要影响因子相对高程、地形湿度指数、矿坑面积百分比、水体面积百分比、建设用地面积百分比、耕地面积百分比以及林地和草地面积百分比与洪水淹没强度之间的相关性随时间变化呈增大趋势,均在暴雨中后期18—24时达到最强。(3)交互探测结果表明,多因子叠加会增强各景观特征对洪水淹没强度的影响。上游影响洪水淹没强度的主要驱动力为矿坑和相对高程,中游和下游的主要影响为水体和地形湿度指数。(4)洪水淹没强度24时的平均值与景观特征指数之间的“高⁃高”和“高⁃低”地区的面积占比约0.47%—9.85%,主要分布在上游的中部山区和北部河道周围、中游的河道两侧和下游的河道以及常庄水库周边地区。研究结论建议在上游露天矿坑就地改造为蓄水池并恢复植被,中游和�This study delves into the flood dynamics of the Jiayu River′s small watershed in Zhengzhou′s mountainous region during the July 20 rainstorm.It explores the spatiotemporal impacts of landscape features on flood inundation depth intensity,and offers strategic suggestions to bolster flood resilience in Henan province′s mountainous area,thereby easing socio⁃economic and ecological issues.Utilizing Gaofen⁃6 remote sensing data,Advance Land Observing Satellite(ALOS)⁃PALSAR surface elevation data,and hourly rainfall figures,we constructed a two⁃dimensional hydrological model of the Jiayu River Basin via the MIKE 21 hydrodynamic model.This allowed us to analyze flood inundation depth and area across the river′s upper,middle,and lower sections on July 20,2021.With the aid of the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model,we examined the spatiotemporal correlation variations between flood inundation depth intensity and landscape composition and topographic factors.Our findings reveal that(1)the submerged area of the Jiayu River Basin swiftly expanded from 0:00 to 6:00,reaching its peak at 9.59 km2 at 18:00.Here,the submerged area percentages were 18.88%in the lower reaches,8.25%in the upper reaches,12.03%in the middle reaches,and 36.11%in areas with over 3 m submersion depth.(2)Topographic elements(mean Moran′s I=0.159)exhibited a more significant influence on flood inundation depth intensity than land type(mean Moran′s I=0.096),with the main drivers being Relative Elevation(RE),Topographic Wetness Index(TWI),percentage of mining pits area,percentage area of water bodies,percentage area of construction land,percentage area of crop land,percentage area of forest land,and percentage area of grass land.Their correlation with flood inundation depth intensity peaked between 18:00 to 24:00.(3)Multiple factors′combination amplified the influence of landscape features on flood inundation depth intensity.In the upstream,mining pits and relative elevation were the dominant drivers,while water bodies and TWI were

关 键 词：洪水 景观特征 MIKE 21模型 双变量空间自相关 山地丘陵 

分 类 号：P426.62[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TV122.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]