基于特征分区的陕北黄土高原植被覆盖变化及其驱动因素  

Change of vegetation coverage and driving factor in the North Shaanxi Loess Plateau based on characteristic zoning

作　　者：韩磊[1,2,3] 曹鑫鑫 朱会利 陈芮[4] 赵永华 刘钊[1] 赵子林[4] 常钰卿 杨梅丽 高毅丰 HAN Lei;∗CAO Xinxin;ZHU Huili;CHEN Rui;ZHAO Yonghua;LIU Zhao;ZHAO Zilin;CHANG Yuqing;YANG Meili;GAO Yifeng(School of Land Engineering,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710054,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi′an 710061,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land consolidation,Xi′an 710054,China;School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710054,China;School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710054 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710061 [3]陕西省土地整治重点实验室,西安710054 [4]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安710054 [5]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第20期8564-8577,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871190);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021SF⁃440);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLLQG2002)。

摘　　要：陕北黄土高原是退耕还林(草)工程的重要实施区域,深入分析退耕以来不同时段的植被覆盖变化和驱动因素特征,对推进区域生态环境建设具有重要指导意义。基于2000—2019年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)获取的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,在地理分区的基础上,根据气候和植被覆盖类型等自然地理要素对陕北黄土高原进行特征区域划分,采用趋势分析、相关分析和残差分析等方法,研究全域及各分区在两轮退耕还林(草)工程实施期间(2000—2013年、2014—2019年)植被覆盖的时空变化及其驱动因素,探究不同时期植被变化及驱动因素的差异性。结果表明:(1)2000—2019年,各分区年均NDVI值为土石丘陵林区(Ⅵ区)>黄土塬区(Ⅶ区)>黄土梁状丘陵区(Ⅴ区)>黄土峁状丘陵区(Ⅳ区)>盖沙黄土丘陵区(Ⅱ区)>黄土宽谷丘陵区(Ⅲ区)>风沙丘陵区(Ⅰ区),均呈增加趋势。(2)20年间,研究区植被显著改善面积占比约为93.6%。在第二轮工程实施期间,研究区植被改善速度较第一轮降低(0.0136/a、0.0125/a),Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ区部分植被发生退化。(3)陕北地区植被变化是气候和人类活动共同作用的结果。人类活动是引起研究区植被变化的主导因素,但气候因素在植被变化中的影响程度逐渐加深。气候因素在第二轮工程实施期间对各分区植被变化的贡献率较第一轮增大。(4)在长时间尺度上,植被的生长和分布受水分等自然条件的制约。因此,在进行植被恢复时,要充分考虑自然环境条件,以达到区域生态恢复的可持续性。The North Shaanxi Loess Plateau is the key area for implementing the Grain for Green Project(GFGP).An in⁃depth analysis of vegetation cover changes and driving factors in different periods since the de⁃farming in the North Shaanxi Loess Plateau has important guiding significance for promoting the regionally ecological environment construction.Although a large number of studies have been carried out on vegetation cover change in the North Shaanxi Loess Plateau,the researches mainly focus on the comparison of vegetation characteristics before and after the GFGP.In addition,relevant studies are mainly limited to administrative boundaries,vegetation zoning and other scales,ignoring the relationship between naturally geographical elements and vegetation⁃climate⁃human activities.In this paper,the North Shaanxi Loess Plateau was divided into the feature zones according to the climate,vegetation cover types and other naturally geographical elements on the basis of geographical division.Based on normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)extracted from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)images data from 2000 to 2019,trend analysis,correlation analysis and residual analysis were used to study the spatial and temporal changes of vegetation coverage and its driving factors during the implementation of the two rounds of the GFGP(2000—2013,2014—2019)in the North Shaanxi Loess Plateau,and to explore the differences of vegetation changes and driving factors in different periods.The results showed as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2019,each zone had an increasing trend in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).The decreasing order of the means of NDVI of the different zones was as follows:Earth⁃rock hilly forest area(Ⅵzone)>Loess tableland(Ⅶzone)>Loess⁃gullied area(Ⅴzone)>The hilly⁃gully regions of Loess Plateau(Ⅳzone)>Cover sand yellow hilly area(Ⅱzone)>Loess wide valley hilly area(Ⅲzone)>Wind⁃sand hilly area(Ⅰzone).(2)During the past 20 years,the percentage of the North Sha

关 键 词：植被覆盖 特征分区 驱动因素 陕北黄土高原 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]