白昼抢夺罪的立法及演变  

Legislation and Evolution of Daytime Snatch Crime

作　　者：姚周霞 YAO Zhouxia(School of Law,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学法学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《杭州电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期54-61,共8页Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA079)。

摘　　要：白昼抢夺罪始确立于明律。该律文的出现既基于前代立法经验,又考虑了明朝重典治国的现实需要和明刑弼教的统治政策。“白昼”强调主观方面白昼公行、无所顾忌的恶,“抢夺”表示客观行为是乘人不备、公然夺取财物。其在人数多寡、是否携带凶器、行为模式等犯罪构成方面区别于强盗和窃盗。由此形成窃盗、白昼抢夺、强盗的取得型侵犯财产罪的典型结构,并影响此后的立法。白昼抢夺罪在民国刑法中以“抢夺罪”的新名称出现。这是基于传统律典对抢夺行为独立科刑的立法实践,能够体现罪刑相适应原则,罪名名称也更加科学和合理。白昼抢夺罪的相关立法在立法精神、具体罪名、条文体系等多方面为中国现行刑法中抢夺罪的设置提供了理论渊源和制度参考。The daytime snatch crime was first established in the Ming Code.The appearance of this article was based on the legislative experience of the previous generations,and also considered the practical need to emphasize the rule of law and the ruling policy to clear punishment and improve education.“Daytime”emphasized the subjective evil of daytime crime unscrupulously.And“snatch”meant the objective behavior of seizing property unaware and openly.Daytime snatch crime was different from robbery and theft in the number of people,whether to carry weapons,their behavior patterns and other criminal components.Thus formed the typical structure of acquiring property crime including theft,daytime snatch crime and robbery,and influenced the legislation thereafter.The crime of daytime snatch appeared in the criminal law of the Republic of China with the new name of“snatch crime”.This was based on the legislative practice of independent punishment for snatch acts in the traditional law,which could reflect the principle of adapting crime to punishment,and the name of the crime was more scientific and reasonable.The relevant legislation of daytime snatch provided theoretical source and system reference for the establishment of the snatch crime in the current criminal law of China in many aspects,such as the legislative spirit,specific charges and the system of provisions.

关 键 词：白昼抢夺罪 犯罪构成 抢夺罪 罪名 立法体系 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]