从“构造历史”到“统一历史”——阿尔及利亚民族主义史学的起源与流变  

From"Constructing History"to"Unifying History":The Origins and Development of Algerian Nationalist Historiography

作　　者：张玉友 顾恺琴 Zhang Yuyou;Gu Kaiqin

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,710069 [2]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,710119

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2023年第5期112-125,159,160,共16页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“20世纪的历史学和历史学家”(项目编号:19ZDA235)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民族主义史学是20世纪以来阿尔及利亚史学发展的核心内容。阿尔及利亚民族主义史学起源于19世纪末20世纪初阿尔及利亚本土知识分子对法国殖民统治和民族遗产缺失的反思。早期的民族主义史学书写深受法国殖民官员与东方主义学者对北非历史编撰的影响。随着20世纪20年代阿尔及利亚民族主义运动的开启,民族主义史学开始进入本土化和繁盛阶段。该时期的书写特征是培养民众历史意识和抨击殖民主义统治。1962年,阿尔及利亚独立后,在民族解放阵线的主导下,民族主义史学进入以民族国家为主体的书写模式。20世纪80年代在政治多元化背景下,阿尔及利亚史学研究逐渐向“新民族主义史学”转变,关注的焦点也转向了新通史研究与独立战争记忆的重写。作为一种知识和思想,民族主义史学在阿尔及利亚民族解放战争、民族复兴与民族国家构建中均发挥了重要的推进作用。Nationalist historiography has been at the core of the development of Algerian historiography since the twentieth century.The Algerian nationalist history originated from the reflections of Algerian intellectuals on the French colonial rule and the lack of national heritage in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.The early writings of Algerian nationalist historiography were deeply influenced by the historiography of North Africa by French colonial officials and Orientalist scholars.In the 192Os,with the emergence of Algerian nationalist movement,the nationalist historiography began to enter a stage of localization and prosperity.Its chief feature lies in the cultivation of people's historical awareness,and the prominence of the critical tone as well as nationalist rhetoric.After Algeria's independence in 1962,nationalist scholars began to adopt the writing model to frame the nation-state as the center of this country's history under the leadership of the National Liberation Front.In the 1980s,focusing on the study of new general history and the rewriting of memories of the Algerian War of Independence,scholars in the study of Algerian historiography gradually turned to"the new nationalist historiography"during the time of political pluralism.Algerian nationalist historiography,as a form of knowledge and thought,has played an important role in the Algerian War of Independence,the national rejuvenation,and the nation-state building.

关 键 词：历史书写 阿尔及利亚 民族主义史学 非殖民化 

分 类 号：K415[历史地理—历史学] K094.15[历史地理—世界史]