主教制度改革与英国宗教改革时期的国家建构  

The Bishopric System Reform and the State-Building of England during the Reformation

作　　者：赵博文 Zhao Bowen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第4期62-76,I0004,I0005,共17页World History

摘　　要：英国宗教改革是英国历史上的重要转折点,都铎王朝的君主们确立了一个听命于至尊王权、独立于罗马教会的英国教会。宗教改革的一个重要措施是将英国的主教任命权收归国王,并以法律的形式固定下来。中世纪晚期,英国的主教具有双重身份,他们既是国王的封臣,又是罗马教皇的使节,在身份和职能上都具有双重性。英国的宗教改革终止了国王和主教之间的封建关系,使二者的关系变成普通的君臣关系。主教的职能被限定在宗教领域,主教被取消了一系列宗教特权。通过改革主教制度,英国国王实现了在宗教领域和世俗领域完整的司法审判权,英国的主教群体成为至尊王权的捍卫者。主教制度改革加速了王权对于英国教会的控制,是都铎时期英国国家建构的重要步骤。The Reformation in England was a crucial turning point in the English history.The Tudor monarchs established the Anglican church which obeyed the royal supremacy and was independent of the Roman Church.As an important measure of the Reformation,the English monarchs took over the right to appoint the bishops and fixed it in the form of law.In the late Middle Ages,the English bishops were both vassals of the king and ambassadors of the Pope,with dual identities and functions.The English Reformation ended the feudal relationship between the king and the bishops,and turned it to the common relationship between the monarchs and their subjects.The power of the bishop was also limited to the religious field and a series of religious privileges were abolished.By reforming the bishopric system,the English monarchs achieved complete judicial jurisdiction in both religious and secular fields.The English bishops became the defender of the royal supremacy.The reform of the bishopric system accelerated the monarchs in controlling over the Church of England,which was a crucial step in State-building in Tudor England.

关 键 词：都铎王朝 主教制度改革 王权至尊 英国教会 国家建构 

分 类 号：K561.33[历史地理—历史学] B979[历史地理—世界史]