我国牧草育种进展及存在问题  

Progress and Existing Problems of Forage Breeding in China

作　　者：刘志鹏[1] 刘文献[1] 杨青川[2] 张博[3] 王增裕 郭振飞 付春祥[6] 林浩[7] 张志强 黄琳凯[9] 刘文辉[10] 谢文刚[1] 苗彦军 尹俊 张吉宇[1] 景海春[13] 南志标[1] 种康[13] Zhipeng Liu;Wenxian Liu;Qingchuan Yang;Bo Zhang;Zengyu Wang;Zhenfei Guo;Chunxiang Fu;Hao Lin;Zhiqiang Zhang;Linkai Huang;Wenhui Liu;Wengang Xie;Yanjun Miao;Jun Yin;Jiyu Zhang;Haichun Jing;Zhibiao Nan;Kang Chong(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020;Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193;College of Pratacultural and Environmental Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;College of Grassland Science,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109;College of Grassland Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266101;Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018;College of Grassland Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 625014;Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining,810016;l.College of Plant Science,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College,Linzhi 860000;Grassland Supervision and Management Station,Kunming 650224;Institute of Botany,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,兰州730020 [2]中国农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [3]新疆农业大学草业学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [4]青岛农业大学草业学院,青岛266109 [5]南京农业大学草业学院,南京210095 [6]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,青岛266101 [7]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [8]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010018 [9]四川农业大学草业科技学院,成都625014 [10]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [11]西藏农牧学院动物科学学院,林芝860000 [12]云南省林业和草原局,昆明650224 [13]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2023年第4期528-536,共9页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26030103)资助。

摘　　要：高产、优质、多抗牧草品种是保证我国草牧业可持续发展的关键,关系到国家的食物安全、生态安全和乡村振兴。自1987年至2022年底,国家审定和省级审定(西部七省份)分别通过了674个和271个草类植物新品种,并制定了25个牧草种/属的DUS测试指南。但我国牧草育种在种质资源收集、育种方法、育种方向、DUS测试和资源共享等方面仍比较薄弱,严重阻碍了我国草牧业发展进程。本文综述了我国牧草品种审定进展,分析了目前我国牧草育种存在的问题并提出建议,以期促进我国培育具有自主知识产权的高产、优质、多抗牧草新品种。High-yielding,high-quality,and multi-resistant forage varieties are critical to ensuring the sustainable development of China's grassland industry,with significant implications for food security,ecological security,and rural revitalization.From 1987 to the end of 2022,the national government has approved 674 new grass varieties,and provincial governments in seven western provinces have approved 271.Additionally,25 DUS testing guidelines have been established for grass species/genus.However,the development of forage breeding in China is still relatively weak in terms of germplasm resource collection,breeding methods,breeding direction,DUS testing,and resource sharing,severely hindering the progress of the grassland industry.This paper provides an overview of the approval process for forage varieties in China,examines the challenges associated with forage breeding,and proposes suggestions for promoting the development of high-yielding,high-quality,and multi-resistant forage varieties with independent intellectual property rights in the country.

关 键 词：牧草 品种 育种 存在问题 政策建议 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]