饲草作物基础生物学与生物育种  

Fundamental Biology and Molecular Breeding of Forage Crops

作　　者：景海春[1] 张景昱[1] 金京波[1] 刘志鹏[2] 张保才[3] 付春祥[4] 程佑发[1] 林浩[5] 才宏伟 梁承志 周姚 曹晓风[3] 种康[1] Haichun Jing;Jingyu Zhang;Jingbo Jin;Zhipeng Liu;Baocai Zhang;Chunxiang Fu;Youfa Cheng;Hao Lin;Hongwei Cai;Chengzhi Liang;Yao Zhou;Xiaofeng Cao;Kang Chong(Institutes of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020;Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266101;Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [3]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101 [4]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,青岛266101 [5]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [6]中国农业大学农学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2023年第4期537-551,共15页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1003200);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA26000000);国家自然科学基金项目(32072026)的资助。

摘　　要：饲草作物在保障国家大粮食安全的重要性日渐突出,饲草产业的健康发展迫切需要系统布局饲草作物基础生物学研究和生物育种科技战略。本文综述了主要饲草作物的种类和生物学特性、基因组学和主要性状功能基因研究进展,分析了以设计“理想饲草”为目标的饲草生物育种需要深度解析饲草特化生物学性状形成的分子基础,饲草驯化性状的分子调控,并借鉴粮食作物驯化研究的前沿进展实现饲草作物的从头快速驯化。建议发挥我国在饲草基因组学和基因编辑等方面的领先优势,大力发展大数据、人工智能驱动的新技术和新理论,引领饲草作物基础生物学与生物育种领域的突破。Forage crops are of paramount importance to food security in China.The healthy development of forage industry requires systematic layout of fundamental biology research and molecular breeding technology strategy of forage crops.This paper reviews the species and biological characteristics of major forage crops,the research progress of genomics and functional genes of major traits,and analyzes the molecular basis of the formation of forage specific biological traits and the molecular regulation of forage domestication traits to design"ideal forage"in forage biological breeding,and solves the frontier progress of food crop domestication research to achieve the de novo rapid domestication of forage crops.It is suggested to give full play to our country's leading advantages in forage genomics and gene editing,vigorously develop new technologies and theories driven by big data and artificial intelligence,and lead the basic biology and biological breeding of forage crops.

关 键 词：饲草作物 基础生物学 生物育种 特化性状 分子驯化与设计 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]