信号自适应识别吸收补偿方法  

Absorption compensation based on self⁃adaptive signal identification

作　　者：马雄 李国发[3] 刘立彬[4] 桂志先[1,2] MA Xiong;LI Guofa;LIU Libin;GUI Zhixian(College of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan,Hubei 430100,China;Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources(Yangtze University),Ministry of Education,Wuhan,Hubei 430100,China;School of Geophysics,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Institute of Geophysical Research,Shengli Oil Field,Dongying,Shandong 257022,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室(长江大学),湖北武汉430100 [3]中国石油大学(北京)地球物理学院,北京102249 [4]胜利油田分公司物探研究院,山东东营257022

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2023年第5期1062-1071,共10页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“源谱一致性Q反演与信号自适应识别吸收补偿”(42074141);中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助项目“频率域Q补偿逆时偏移稳定化策略和优化算法研究”(2023M730364);油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室(长江大学)开放基金资助项目“频率域稳定化的Q补偿逆时偏移方法研究”(K2023⁃04);中石油集团公司“十四·五”前瞻性基础性重大科技项目“薄储层高分辨率地震预测技术研究”(2021DJ3704)联合资助。

摘　　要：地下介质的吸收衰减效应严重降低了地震信号的探测深度,限制了高分辨率地震勘探的发展。反Q滤波技术是补偿地层吸收衰减、提高地震分辨率的重要手段。然而,传统的反Q滤波方法本身并不具备信号识别能力,在补偿地震信号的同时会放大噪声干扰。为此,文中提出一种信号自适应识别的多道吸收补偿方法,其核心思想是利用地震信号的空间构造特征提升吸收补偿算法的稳定性和精度。该方法主要实施流程包括四步:首先,利用空间预测算子对反射信号的空间构造特征进行数学表达;再根据信号预测算子构造空间反射结构约束项;然后,将反射结构约束项加入多道吸收补偿目标函数,得到吸收补偿反演系统;最后,求解多道反演目标函数,得到吸收补偿结果。模型数据测试和实际资料应用结果表明:所提方法不仅能提高地震资料的分辨率,还可保护补偿结果的空间构造特征和信噪比,具有较强的稳定性和一定的实用性。The absorption attenuation effect of subsurface media seriously reduces the detection depth of seismic signals and further hinders the development of high⁃resolution seismic exploration.Inverse⁃Q filtering is a useful tool for compensating for the attenuation of strata and improving the seismic resolution.However,the traditional inverseQ filtering cannot identify seismic signals,which will result in the amplification of noises in the compensation process of seismic signals.To alleviate this issue,this paper proposes a multichannel absorption compensation method based on self⁃adaptive signal identification.The core of this approach is to improve the stability and accuracy of the absorption compensation algorithm by using the spatial structure characteristics of seismic signals.The implementa⁃tion of the method includes four steps:firstly,the paper expresses the spatial structure features of the reflected signal by the spatial prediction operator.Then,the paper uses the signal prediction operator to construct the constraint term of spatial reflection structure.Next,the paper adds the reflection structure constraint term to the multichannel absorption compensation objective function for obtaining the absorption compensation inversion system.Finally,the paper solves the objective function to obtain the absorption compensation result.The synthetic data tests and field data examples show that the proposed method can not only improve the resolution of seismic data but also protect the spatial structure characteristics and signal⁃to⁃noise ratio of compensation results,and it has strong stability and certain practicability.

关 键 词：信号识别 吸收补偿 正则化约束 黏弹性 反演系统 反射构造特征 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]