平原河网地区非点源污染负荷精细化估算模型与应用—耦合养分收支模型和产排污核算模型  

A refined model coupling nutrient budget model with pollutant generation and discharge accounting model to estimate non-point source pollution loads in a plain river network region

作　　者：王莹[1,2] 冯菁 吕佩遥 周婷婷 徐阳 周仰原 孟祥周[1,2] WANG Ying;FENG Jing;LÜPeiyao;ZHOU Tingting;XU Yang;ZHOU Yangyuan;MENG Xiangzhou(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute,Jiaxing 314051;Suzhou Xiangcheng District Bureau of Ecology and Environment,Suzhou 215141)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]嘉兴同济环境研究院,嘉兴314051 [3]苏州市相城区生态环境局,苏州215141

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第10期166-176,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2021YFC3201004)。

摘　　要：非点源污染控制难度大,逐渐成为水环境管理的重点,而定量估算各类污染源排放的污染负荷对非点源污染控制具有重要意义.本文结合农业领域的“养分收支模型”和研究区域实际情况,对“产排污模型”进行改进,建立了一套覆盖农业源(种植业、畜禽养殖和水产养殖)和生活源的非点源污染负荷精细化估算模型,并将其应用于平原河网地区(嘉兴市).结果表明,估算得到的嘉兴市2007—2020年各类污染源排放总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)负荷量分别为8.53×10^(3)~15.5×10^(3)t和1.08×10^(3)~4.12×10^(3)t.用监测数据对估算的负荷进行精度评估,得到2018—2020年TN、TP负荷量的平均误差分别为5.02%、13.9%.自2014年起,嘉兴市畜禽养殖业的污染排放负荷大幅减少,使得污染负荷总量呈大幅下降趋势,目前TN、TP的主要非点源分别是生活源(61.3%)和种植业(67.3%).本文建立的模型能在更小的研究尺度进行应用,并且可有效提高产排污系数法计算精度,为平原河网地区的TN、TP负荷估算工作提供借鉴意义.Non-point source pollution control is a difficult issue that is gradually taking center stage in aquatic environment management,and upgrading the quantitative estimation of pollution load from various sources remains essential in this cause.To this end,the"nutrient budget model"in agriculture and the actual context in the study area were combined to improve the"pollution generation and discharge accounting method".Subsequently,a comprehensive set of empirical models for estimating non-point source pollution load encompassing agricultural sources(crop farming,livestock and poultry breeding,and aquaculture)as well as domestic sources was successfully developed.These models were applied to a river network area in Jiaxing to estimate the total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)load values from 2007 to 2020.The TN load from various non-point pollution sources ranged from 8.53×10^(3)~15.5×10^(3) tons during the specified period,while the TP load ranged from 1.08×10^(3)~4.12×10^(3) tons.Monitoring data were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of the model,and the errors were 5.02%and 13.9%respectively.The results show that since 2014 the pollution discharge from livestock and poultry farming in Jiaxing has significantly decreased resulting in a sharp decrease in the total pollution load.Currently,the major sources of TN and TP pollution are domestic sources(61.3%)and crop farming sources(67.3%),respectively.The model proposed in this study can be effectively employed at a smaller research scale,substantially enhancing the accuracy of pollutant generation and discharge accounting models while maintaining a lower computational cost.Furthermore,it holds significant reference value for TN and TP load estimation in plain river network areas.

关 键 词：非点源污染负荷 养分收支模型 产排污系数法 农业源 生活源 平原河网地区 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]