长白山积雪的离子组成及在融雪过程中的变化  

Ion composition of snow and its variation during snowmelt at Changbai Mountain

作　　者：姚怡杰 王章玮[1,2] 张逸 张晓山[1,2] YAO Yijie;WANG Zhangwei;ZHANG Yi;ZHANG Xiaoshan(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第10期289-297,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42077345,42077381)。

摘　　要：通过2022年2—4月在长白山地区定点逐日采集雪样,对季节性积雪中主要化学离子的浓度特征和变化规律进行了分析,并与2010—2012年同一地点的样品进行对比,使用海盐示踪法和后向轨迹聚类分析,研究了不同离子的年代际变化及其原因.分析结果显示,长白山积雪中离子的浓度大小为:NO_(3)^(-)>Ca^(2+)>SO_(4)^(2-)>NH_(4)^(+)>Cl^(-)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>Mg^(2+)>F^(-),最主要的阳离子是Ca2+,最主要的阴离子是NO_(3)^(-).采样时间段内积雪持续融化,离子浓度下降速度在融化初期最快,随浓度下降逐渐放缓.与2010—2012年相比,NH4+和Na+浓度分别上升了107%和46%,而Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)浓度分别下降了26%、17%、53%、56%和59%,除Na^(+)外所有离子浓度的改变均主要受非海洋源的影响.后向轨迹聚类结果显示,10年间长白山地区大气气团的运动规律没有明显变化,主要受海洋、荒漠矿物粉尘及东北工业区人类活动的影响.近年来沙尘天气减少、NO_(x)和SO_(2)等大气污染物的控制和NH3排放增多可能是造成积雪离子浓度变化的重要原因.Snow samples were collected daily at Changbai Mountain from February to April 2022,and the concentration characteristics and variation of major ions in seasonal snow were analyzed.Comparison with results from the same site during 2010 to 2012,the decadal changes of major ions and key factors were explored by using sea-salt tracing method and backward trajectory model.The major ion concentration were as follows:NO_(3)^(-)>Ca^(2+)>SO_(4)^(2-)>NH_(4)^(+)>Cl^(-)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>Mg^(2+)>F^(-),in which Ca^(2+)was the dominate cation and NO_(3)^(-)was the dominate anion.As snow continued to melt during the sampling process,the decrease rate of ion concentration was biggest at the beginning of melting and gradually slowed down with the decrease of ion concentration.Compared with 2010 to 2012,the concentration of NH_(4)^(+)and Na^(+)increased by 107%and 46%,while the concentration of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)decreased by 26%,17%,53%,56%and 59%.Changes of all ion except Na+were mainly affected by non-marine sources.The backward trajectory suggests that the movement of air mass at Changbai Mountain has not changed significantly in the past 10 years and is affected by ocean,desert mineral dust and human activities in the industrial area of northeast China.Reduction of dust,control of atmospheric pollutants such as NO_(x) and SO_(2) and increase of NH_(3) emission may be important reasons for the change of ions in snow.

关 键 词：长白山 积雪 离子组成 融雪 年代际变化 海盐示踪法 后向轨迹模型 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程]