海洋生物礁类型、生态功能及其生态修复  

A review of types,functions and ecological restoration of marine biogenic reefs

作　　者：安鑫龙[1] 顾继光[2] 李元超 张志敏 李雪梅[1] AN Xinlong;GU Jiguang;LI Yuanchao;ZHANG Zhimin;LI Xuemei(Ocean College,Hebei Agricultural University,Qinhuangdao 066003,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Science,Haikou 570125,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学海洋学院,秦皇岛066003 [2]暨南大学水生生物研究所,广州510632 [3]海南省海洋与渔业科学院,海口570125

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第19期7874-7885,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021008);河北农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021KY05)。

摘　　要：海洋生物礁是由具有造礁能力的海洋生物聚集而成的一种三维礁体结构,其形成改变了海底地貌、增加了不同尺度上的地形复杂性,为其他海洋生物提供了栖息地并维持了生物多样性。近年来,由于自然因素和人为因素影响,海洋生物礁受到了严重威胁,已成为海洋生态保护和修复领域的重要研究对象。综述了海洋生物礁的类型、生态功能及其生态修复的研究进展。根据形成海洋生物礁的优势造礁生物种类,将海洋生物礁分为海藻礁、海绵礁、刺胞动物礁、贝类礁和多毛类礁,其优势造礁生物分别是珊瑚藻和仙掌藻、钙质海绵和硅质海绵、造礁珊瑚、牡蛎、龙介虫。目前国内对海洋生物礁的全面了解相对较少,主要集中在珊瑚礁和牡蛎礁。海洋生物礁的生态功能主要有海岸防护、提供栖息地、净化水体、固碳作用和能量耦合等。全球变暖和海洋酸化等全球气候变化以及海洋污染、破坏性渔业捕捞、海岸工程、水产养殖和敌害生物等自然和人为因素对海洋生物礁构成了严重威胁。海洋生物礁的生态修复方法分为两类:在退化生物礁区投放造礁生物逐渐成礁,投放人工礁体补充造礁生物逐渐成礁。针对海洋生物礁保护和修复的需要,提出下一步应加强海洋造礁生物生态特征、海洋造礁生物种群丧失因素和海洋生物礁保护与修复基础理论等方面研究。Marine biogenic reefs are three-dimensional reef structures formed by the aggregation of reef-building organisms and bonding organisms,which change the seabed topography,increase the complexity of the terrain at different scales,and provide habitats for other marine organisms and maintain biodiversity in the ocean.In recent years,due to the influence of natural and human factors,marine biogenic reefs have been seriously threatened and become important research objects in the field of marine ecological protection and restoration.In this paper,recent researches on types,ecological functions and ecological restoration of marine biogenic reefs were reviewed.According to the dominant reef-building organisms,marine biogenic reefs were divided into seaweed reefs(mainly coralline algae reefs and Halimeda reefs),sponge reefs(mainly calcareous sponge-reefs and siliceous sponge-reefs),cnidaria reefs(mainly coral reefs),shellfish reefs(mainly oyster reefs),and polychaete reefs(mainly Serpulid reefs).Correspondingly,the dominant reef-building organisms were coralline algae and Halimeda,calcareous sponges and siliceous sponges,reef-building corals,oysters and calcareous tube worms.At present,there is relatively little comprehensive understanding of marine biogenic reefs in China,mainly focusing on coral reefs and oyster reefs.The ecological functions of marine biogenic reefs mainly included coastal protection(e.g.,wave-energy dissipation,wave elimination and shoreline protection from erosion),habitat provision(e.g.,providing foraging habitat,spawning grounds,nursery grounds and shelter),water purification(e.g.,reducing the concentration of suspended particulate matter,phytoplankton,organic debris and heavy metals),carbon sequestration and energy coupling(e.g.,calcification and biodeposition).Global climate change such as global warming and ocean acidification,as well as natural and anthropogenic factors such as marine pollution,destructive fishing,coastal engineering,aquaculture and predators,posed serious threats to marine bi

关 键 词：海洋生物礁 类型 生态功能 生态修复 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]