华南典型尾叶桉纯林经营对土壤理化性质、微生物和线虫群落的影响  

Effects of Eucalyptus plantations and management on soil physico-chemical properties,microbial and nematode communities in South China

作　　者：孝惠爽 赵杰 傅声雷 XIAO Huishuang;ZHAO Jie;FU Shenglei(Faculty of Life Science,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学生命科学学院,聊城252059 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125 [3]河南大学,开封475001

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第19期7963-7973,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金(U21A20189);湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ10042)。

摘　　要：桉树是我国华南地区的重要速生营林树种,具备极高的经济价值,然而我国桉树人工林的发展还存在巨大争议,桉树营林的生态环境效应还有待进一步考究。针对我国华南地区典型尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)纯林经营的潜在生态问题,选取广东鹤山森林生态系统国家野外研究站的10树种混交林(10 species mixed forest plantation,10S)、30树种混交林(30 species mixed forest plantation,30S)和桉树纯林(Eucalyptus monoculture,E)三种林型,另外设置桉树砍伐(Eucalyptus cutting,EC)和桉树砍伐清除林下灌草(Eucalyptus cutting and understory removal,ECUr)这两种常见经营措施的处理,通过比较不同林型和管理措施下土壤理化性质和生物指标的差异,解析了桉树营林对土壤理化特性、土壤微生物以及线虫群落的影响。本结果表明:三种林型间的土壤理化特性没有显著差异,但桉树纯林的土壤真菌生物量、真菌细菌比、食细菌线虫多度显著高于10和30树种混交林,桉树纯林的食真菌线虫多度和线虫群落多样性显著高于10树种的混交林。不同桉林管理措施下,桉树砍伐对土壤理化性质和土壤生物的影响不显著,但是桉树砍伐同时清除林下灌草显著降低了土壤含水率、真菌细菌比、线虫总多度、食细菌线虫多度、食真菌线虫多度以及杂食捕食性线虫多度。以上结果说明,桉树纯林的生物群落总体上优于相同林龄的多物种混交人工林,因此桉林的土壤质量状况并不比混交林低。另外,砍伐导致了桉林土壤质量下降,在砍伐过程中破坏灌草会对土壤质量造成更严重的负面影响。总体来看,桉林本身具有良好的生态功能,但作为一个具有生态和经济双重效益的物种,桉林长期经营可能会导致土壤退化等一系列生态问题。因此未来桉树人工林生态和经济效益权衡可能需要重点关注营林措施。Eucalyptus is one of the world′s most widely planted tropical and sub-tropical fast-growing hardwoods,which has extremely high economic value.Plantations of eucalyptus have been extensively established in South China during the past decades.However,there is an ongoing debate concerning the environmental effects and the development of eucalyptus plantations in South China.The ecological/environmental effects of eucalyptus plantations need to be further studied.This study contraposed the potentially ecological problems of typical eucalyptus in South China,selected three types of plantations including 10 species mixed plantation(10S),30 species mixed plantation(30S),and eucalyptus monoculture(E),and established two treatments of eucalyptus cutting(EC)and eucalyptus cutting with understory removal(ECUr)in the eucalyptus monocultures.The influences of eucalyptus management on soil physical and chemical characteristics,soil microorganisms and nematode communities were analyzed by comparing the differences in soil physical and chemical properties and biological indicators under different forest types and management measures.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil physico-chemical properties among the three plantation types.However,the soil fungal biomass,the ratio of fungal biomass to bacterial biomass,and the bacterivorous nematode abundance of the eucalyptus monoculture were significantly higher than those of the 10 and 30 species mixed plantations.Besides,the nematode diversity and fungivorous nematode abundance of the eucalyptus monoculture were apparently higher than those of 10 species mixed plantation.Under different eucalyptus forest management measures,the eucalyptus cutting treatment did not significantly affect the soil physico-chemical and biological properties.But the eucalyptus cutting with understory removal treatment remarkably reduced the soil water content,the ratio of fungal biomass to bacterial biomass,the abundances of total nematodes,bacterivorous nematodes,fungivorous

关 键 词：桉树 人工林 营林措施 微生物 线虫 土壤退化 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]