碳酸盐岩微孔隙的分类、成因及对岩石物理性质的影响  

Classification and origin of micropores in carbonates and their effects on physical properties of rocks

作　　者：屈海洲[1,2,3] 郭新宇 徐伟 李文皓 唐松 邓雅霓[7] 何仕鹏 张云峰 张兴宇[4] QU Haizhou;GUO Xinyu;XU Wei;LI Wenhao;TANG Song;DENG Yani;HE Shipeng;ZHANG Yunfeng;ZHANG Xingyu(School of Geoscience and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;Southwest Petroleum University Branch of the Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs,China National Petroleum Corporation,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peiking University,Beijing 100871;Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610095,China;Petroleum Exploration Division,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610095,China;Chuanzhong Oil&Gas Mine,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,Suining,Sichuan 629000,China;Shu’nan Gas Mine,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China;Chuanxibei Gas Mine,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,Mianyang,Sichuan 621700,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500 [2]中国石油碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室西南石油大学分室,四川成都610500 [3]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [4]中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,四川成都610095 [5]西南油气田公司勘探事业部,四川成都610095 [6]中国石油西南油气田公司川中油气矿,四川遂宁629000 [7]中国石油西南油气田分公司蜀南气矿,四川泸州646000 [8]中国石油西南油气田公司川西北气矿,四川绵阳621700

出　　处：《石油与天然气地质》2023年第5期1102-1117,共16页Oil & Gas Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41702163,42272181);中国石油-西南石油大学创新联合体科技合作项目(2020CX010301)。

摘　　要：碳酸盐岩微孔隙(简称微孔)是孔径小于50μm的微米-纳米级孔隙,目前有多种单因素和综合分类方案,以Kaczmarek的综合划分方案应用较为广泛,该方案将泥晶形态和物性相结合。微孔的表征方法主要有流体侵入法、图像分析法和数学统计法,并通过定性-定量组合实现对微孔的综合表征。微孔主要发育于泥晶-粉晶之间,原生沉积是微孔发育的基础,成岩作用是微孔形成的关键,重要的成岩作用包括矿物的转化作用、白云石化作用以及重结晶作用等。而泥晶体形态和排列方式决定微孔的空间几何结构,从而影响岩石的物理性质。随着对碳酸盐岩微孔认识的不断加深,需要进一步结合中国实例进行理论完善(包括微孔的分类、成因等),同时应用更先进的高精度微区测年、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和数字岩心模型等表征技术,建立和完善微孔碳酸盐岩储层岩评价标准,以对中国大量发育的深层碳酸盐岩储层,尤其是其微观特征的研究提供理论和技术支撑。Micropores in carbonate rocks are micron-to nano-sized pores with pore sizes less than 50 μm.Various singlefactor and comprehensive classification methods for these micropores are available,with Kaczmarek's comprehensive scheme being widely applied due to its integration of aphanocrystalline morphologies and physical properties.While the fluid intrusion method,image analysis,and mathematical statistics serve as primary characterization methods for micropores,a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods can achieve their comprehensive characterization.Micropores are primarily found between aphanocrystallines or very fine crystallines,primarily growing on primary minerals.Diagenetic processes,especially mineral transformations,dolomitization,and recrystallization,significantly influence micropore formation.Additionally,the morphologies and configurations of aphanocrystallines govern the spatial geometry of micropores,further influencing the physical properties of rocks.As the understanding of micropores in carbonates deepens,it is necessary to refine existing theories about micropore classification and origin by combining the context of China.Furthermore,there is a need to establish and refine the evaluation criteria for rocks of microporous carbonate reservoirs using more advanced characterization techniques such as in-situ microanalytical methods,confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM),and digital core modeling.This will be of theoretical and technical support to research on the micro characteristics of deep carbonate reservoirs prevalent in China.

关 键 词：表征方法 成因机理 物性特征 成岩作用 沉积相 微孔 碳酸盐岩储层 

分 类 号：TE122.2[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]