法益论的现代困境及其宪法化改造  

The Modern Dilemma of the Theory of Legal Interests and Its Constitutional Transformation

作　　者：姜涛 JIANG Tao(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海201620

出　　处：《现代法学》2023年第5期167-182,共16页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209)。

摘　　要：法益论面临现代困境的根本原因在于不重视法益论的宪法根据。法益论的功能不仅在于回答什么是刑法保护的法益,更在于回答什么不是刑法保护的法益。这说明不能仅从本体论视角建构先法性法益,而是更加需要重视法益论的宪法根据,明晰法益论与宪法中关于公民基本权利关联的法理,从规范论视角建构与宪法融通的法益概念,使其在避免刑法从法益侵害向法益侵害危险退让、以价值理性取代目的理性、从“法治国家的基本权利保障”过渡到“社会国家的社会秩序形塑”上发挥重要作用。现代刑法强调犯罪设定或犯罪认定以保护法益为实质根据,这需要把刑法所保护的法益与宪法中关于公民基本权利的规定关联起来,重视合宪性解释的实践。刑法不可以把属于公民基本权利的行为规定或解释为犯罪,这种合宪性解释是体系解释的应有之义。The fundamental reason that the theory of legal interest is facing the modern dilemma is that it does not pay attention to the constitutional basis of the theory of legal interest.The function of the theory of legal interest is not only to answer what is the legal interest of criminal law protection,but more importantly to answer what is not the legal interest of criminal law protection.This should not only be constructed from the perspective of ontology,but should pay more attention to the constitutional basis of the theory of legal interests,clarify the jurisprudence related to the basic rights of citizens in the Constitution,and construct the concept of legal interests integrated with the Constitution from the perspective of normative theory.Thus,it plays an important role in avoiding criminal law from infringement of legal interests to compromise of legal interests,replacing purpose rationality with value rationality,and transitioning from“protection of basic rights in the rule of law state”to“shaping of social order in the social state”.Modern criminal law emphasizes that the establishment or identification of crime is based on the interests of the protection law,which needs to associate the legal interests protected by the criminal law with the provisions of the basic rights of citizens in the constitution,and attaches importance to the practice of constitutional interpretation,criminal law can not prescribe or interpret acts belonging to the basic rights of citizens as crimes,and such constitutional interpretation is the due meaning of the system interpretation.

关 键 词：法益侵害危险 比例原则 基本权利 与宪法融通的法益概念 体系解释 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]