《立法法》修改视野下监察法规的适用研究  

Research on the Application of Supervision Regulations in the View of the Amendment of Legislative Law

作　　者：石泽华[1] SHI Zehua(Wuhan University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《现代法学》2023年第5期196-208,共13页Modern Law Science

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“新时代党和国家监督体系完善研究”(22ZDA040)。

摘　　要：《立法法》规定监察法规制定权之后,监察法规如何融入我国法律体系成为当前的重要课题。从适用规则、裁决机制和不相抵触原则三个方面,可以在立法法基本框架下初步构建监察法规的适用体系。监察法规的位阶居于法律、地方性法规之间,不高于行政法规,其异位法冲突采取效力优先规则;地方变通立法不违背效力优先,但不符合监察法规的价值取向;对于新旧冲突,需明确其生效要件和溯及既往情形。监察法规之新一般法与旧特别法冲突应由国家监委裁决,并增设程序性规定;即便监察法规与行政法规具有同等效力,仍可能面临近位法冲突,其纾解有赖于建立人大裁决、“府-监”协商和联合制定等制度。监察法规的合宪及合法性审查以“相抵触”为判断基准,同宪法和法律相抵触的规定应无效并予修改、废止或撤销,抵触标准包括形式和实质双重要素,审查强度需结合具体内容予以类型化区分。本次《立法法》修改为监察法规的实践探索预留了空间,从我国法律秩序结构的稳定性出发,可在有关备案审查制度的规定中初步明确其冲突解决机制,待未来条件成熟时作整体考虑。After the Legislative Law stipulates the power of making supervision regulations,how to integrate supervision regulations into current legal system has become an important issue.From the three aspects of applicable rules,ruling mechanism and non-conflict principle,the application system of supervisory regulations can be initially constructed under the basic framework of the Legislative Law.Supervisory regulations rank between laws and local regulations,not higher than administrative regulations.The rule of priority of effectiveness shall apply between supervisory regulations and other legal norms.Local flexible legislation does not violate the priority of effectiveness,but does not conform to the value orientation of supervision laws and regulations.In the conflict between the old and the new,the retroactive situation and effective elements of supervision regulations should be clarified.The conflict between the new general supervision regulations and the old special supervision regulations should be decided by the National Supervisory Commission,and procedural provisions should be added.Even if the supervisory regulations and administrative regulations have the same rank,they may still face the conflict of near law,and its resolution depends on the establishment of the system of the ruling of the National People’s Congress,“government-supervision”consultation and joint formulation.The examination of constitutionality and legality of supervisory regulations is based on the standard of“conflict”.The regulations conflicting the constitution and laws should be invalid and amended,repealed or revoked,and conflicting standards include dual elements of form and substance.At the same time,the intensity of the review should be differentiated according to the specific content of the regulations.This revision of the Legislative Law has reserved space for the practical exploration of supervision regulations.From the standpoint of the stability of China’s legal order structure,the conflict resolution mechanism can

关 键 词：监察法规 立法法 适用规则 裁决机制 不相抵触原则 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]