基于里德堡原子的微波相移测量  

Measurement of Microwave Phase Shift Based on Rydberg Atoms

作　　者：张映昀 阮伟民 冯志刚[1] 屈继峰[1] 宋振飞[1] ZHANG Ying-yun;RUAN Wei-min;FENG Zhi-gang;QU Ji-feng;SONG Zhen-fei(National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China;China Jiliang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029 [2]中国计量大学,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《计量学报》2023年第9期1438-1443,共6页Acta Metrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0603704);国家自然科学基金(62071443)。

摘　　要：基于里德堡原子的微波量子精密测量技术由于其高灵敏度、高分辨、宽带宽且可直接溯源至基本物理常数等优势,已在微波量子计量、通信、成像等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。通过提出一种基于里德堡原子的微波相移测量方法,利用热里德堡原子光谱实现对本振(LO)微波场与待测(SIG)微波场的外差探测,得到了相移与待测微波场相移相同的中频(IF)探测信号;然后利用锁相放大算法对探测信号进行处理,得到探测信号相对同频参考信号的相位差;最后,利用位移台在待测微波信号中引入相移,比较位移前后的相位差测量结果,实现了6.92 GHz微波信号相移的测量。对相移测量结果进行线性拟合,得到该频率的微波传播常数,与理论计算结果的相对误差约为0.2%,验证了这种全光学微波相移测量方法的可行性,并为微波量子精密测量技术在通信雷达等领域的应用奠定了基础。The microwave quantum precision measurement based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency,due to its advantages of high sensitivity,high resolution,broadband and having direct traceability path to the fundamental physical constant,can be used in various applications,including microwave quantum metrology,communication and imaging.A method for microwave phase shift measurement using rubidium Rydberg atoms is presented here.First,heterodyne reception of signal(SIG)microwave field and local oscillator(LO)microwave field is realized by using hot rubidium Rydberg atomic spectrum,and intermediate frequency(IF)signals with the same phase shift as SIG microwave field are obtained;then the measured signal is processed by the lock-in amplification algorithm to realize the detection of phase difference between the IF signal and a reference signal.The reference signal has the same frequency of IF signal.Finally,while keeping the local microwave field and reference signal unchanged,the phase of the SIG microwave is changed by using the displacement stage,and the microwave phase shift is measured by comparing the phase difference measured at different positions.In order to verify the correctness of the phase shift measurement results,the microwave propagation constant of this frequency is calculated by linear fitting of displacement and the measured phase shift,the relative error of measured microwave propagation constant of 6.92 GHz to the theoretical value is within 0.2%.By demonstrating the possibility of microwave phase-shift total optical measurement,the application of microwave quantum precision measurement technology in the field of communication and radar has been laid down.

关 键 词：计量学 微波相移 里德堡原子 电磁感应透明 电磁波传播常数 

分 类 号：TB973[一般工业技术—计量学]