中国与发达经济体战略性新兴产业补贴特征比较及启示——以半导体产业为例  

Comparison and Implications of the Characteristics of Subsidies for Strategic Emerging Industries between China and Developed Economies:Taking the Semiconductor Industry as an Example

作　　者：刘振中 叶意雯 Liu Zhenzhong;Ye Yiwen

机构地区：[1]中国宏观经济研究院产业经济与技术经济研究所 [2]北京工商大学经济学院

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2023年第9期75-88,共14页Macroeconomics

摘　　要：产业补贴作为产业政策的重要工具,对战略性新兴产业发展有利有弊,需趋利避害。通过从总量、结构、效率和贸易应对能力四大特征维度对半导体产业补贴进行国际比较,发现中国与发达经济体对战略性新兴产业补贴总量在上升,补贴方式多样交叉。同时,发达经济体以重点领域为牵引,适时调整补贴进与退,聚焦技术创新,衔接补贴设计与实际需求,灵活运用补贴规则,注重补贴设计合理性,值得借鉴。建议立足国内国际新形势新变化,从把握补贴政策进退时机、推动补贴基础化公共化安全化、提高补贴运行效率和加快接轨国际规则方面进行优化。As an important tool of industrial policy,industrial subsidies have both advantages and disadvantages for the development of strategic emerging industries,and need to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.Through international comparison of semiconductor industry subsidies from the dimensions of total amount,structure,efficiency and trade coping ability,it is found that the total amount of subsidies for strategic emerging industries in China and advanced economies is rising,and the subsidies are diversified and cross-cutting.Meanwhile,Advanced economies are guided by key areas,timely adjusting subsidy input and output,focusing on new technologies and processes,linking subsidy design with actual demand,flexibly applying subsidy rules,and emphasizing the rationality of subsidy design,which is worth learning from.It is recommended to focus on the new changes in the domestic and international situation,optimize subsiby policies by grasping the timing,and promoting the basic publicization and safety of subsidies,improving the efficiency of subsidy operation,and accelerating the convergence with the international rules and regulations.

关 键 词：发达经济体 战略性新兴产业 产业补贴 半导体 

分 类 号：F426.63[经济管理—产业经济]