动力波方程-陆面模式耦合及在郑州“7·20”暴雨洪水过程的应用研究  

Coupling dynamic wave equation with land surface model and application to Zhengzhou“7·20”rainstorm

作　　者：黄诚诚 赵平[3] 苗世光 王迎春[4] 孟春雷[1,2] 王杰 Chengcheng Huang;Ping Zhao;Shiguang Miao;Yingchun Wang;Chunlei Meng;Jie Wang(Institute of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市气象研究院,北京100089 [2]中国气象局城市气象重点开放实验室,北京100089 [3]中国气象科学研究院,灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [4]北京市气象局,北京100089

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第24期3211-3220,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国气象局重点创新团队(CMA2022ZD09);青年北京学者计划(2018-007);国家自然科学基金(41730962,41705086)资助。

摘　　要：采用二维动力波方程改进Noah-MP陆面模式中的径流计算方案,并在原有一维Noah-MP中增加了二维水平格点之间的水分交换,从而研发出新的陆面模式Noah-MP-OF.应用改进后模式对郑州“7·20”特大暴雨洪涝期间的水文过程进行数值模拟.结果表明:新模式能较好地模拟复杂地形下坡面流、积水深和土壤湿度的时空演变过程,模拟的积水深度空间分布与高分3号卫星遥感监测的地表积水较为一致;原有的Noah-MP模式模拟的洼地区域坡面流流入和汇集不明显,而新方案能够刻画在洼地及郑州市区坡面流汇集的特征,且洼地累积坡面流流入可超过1 m,土壤湿度平均增加3%,从而更精细地模拟低洼区域坡面流汇流造成的积水特征.The reasonable parameterization of runoff processes for complex terrain is important for increasing the accuracy of land surface models.In this study,a two-dimensional dynamic wave equation was applied to improve the runoff calculations in the Noah-Multiparameterization Land Surface Model(Noah-MP),and the water exchange between two-dimensional horizontal grids was added to the original one-dimensional Noah-MP scheme of the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model.The grid slope was adopted in the dynamic wave equation to calculate the confluence process,and the water depth was introduced to the slope calculation to update the catchment path in real time.The improved Noah-MP model(called the Noah-MP-OF)focuses on the influence of the confluence process at the land-surface-model scale.The improved Noah-MP model was used to simulate the hydrological process during the Zhengzhou“7·20”rainstorm,which produced the most severe flood since 1960.The results show that the improved scheme can more accurately capture the temporal and spatial evolution of overland flow,water depth,and soil moisture over complex terrain.The spatial distribution of the simulated water depth was generally consistent with that monitored by the Gaofen-3 satellite remote sensing.The inflow and accumulation of overland flow in the low-lying region simulated by the original scheme are not evident;however,the new scheme depicts the features of overland flow:Gathering in the low-lying region and in Zhengzhou,which is located at the foot of the mountain.Moreover,the cumulative overland inflow in the low-lying region could exceed 1 m in the study region,and the soil moisture increased by 3%on average.Thus,water accumulation in low-lying areas caused by the confluence of overland flow can be more reasonably simulated.The simulated refinement was further improved by providing a higher spatial resolution,and the physical scheme showed good consistency between the different spatial resolutions.The temporal variation in the cumulative surface runoff simul

关 键 词：陆面模式 动力波方程 地表径流 暴雨洪涝 

分 类 号：P333.2[天文地球—水文科学]