美国警察体制下警务标准化建设研究  

The Research on the Construction of Policing Standarization from the Perspective of US Police System

作　　者：刘家行 段瑶 孙楠楠 杜元斌 LIU Jiaxing;DUAN Yao;SUN Nannan;DU Yuanbin(China People’s Police University,Langfang,Hebei Province 065000,China;China Institute of Contemporary International Relations,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学,河北廊坊065000 [2]中国现代国际关系研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国人民警察大学学报》2023年第9期89-96,共8页Journal of China People's Police University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“科技兴警创新业务运行与战略技术体系研究”(2020YFC0832604)子课题“公安标准体系建设创新研究”;警察大学中青年教师科研创新计划课题“美国警察体制视域下警务标准化建设研究”(ZQN202319)。

摘　　要：基于宪法的分权体制和行政区划的碎片化,美国建立起独特的分散式的警察体制,联邦警察、州警察和地方警察在业务上相互配合,在管理上没有相互隶属关系。美国警务标准化建设也呈现出明显的“分散式”特点:在州和地方警察机构层面,通过各自编制的标准程序手册对内部管理和执法行为进行规范;在联邦层面,由第三方机构——执法机构认证委员会(CALEA)根据自愿原则对各警察机构提供整套标准化流程,并在认证过程中,推动其标准化建设。美国警察警务标准化建设的正反两方面经验为推进我国公安标准化建设提供了有益借鉴。Based on the constitutional separation of powers and the fragmentation of administrative divisions,the United States has established a unique decentralized police system.Federal,state,and local police officers work together in business but with no mutual affiliation in management.The construction of policing standardization in the United States is also featured with decentralization.State and local police regulate internal management and law enforcement practices through their own standard procedure manual.At the federal level,the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies(CALEA),a third-party agency,provides a standardized set of processes to police agencies based on voluntary principles and promotes standardization in the accreditation process.The positive and negative experiences of policing standardization in the United States have provided useful references for promoting the standardization of public security in China.

关 键 词：美国警察体制 警务标准化 执法机构认证委员会 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]