弱光对南北大豆品种叶片结构与光合特性的影响  

The Effects of Weak Light on Leaf Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Northern and Southern Soybean Varieties

作　　者：雷怡 高静 王琪 谢雨霏 谭先明 杨文钰[1] 杨峰[1] LEI Yi;GAO Jing;WANG Qi;XIE Yufei;TAN Xianming;YANG Wenyu;YANG Feng(College of Agriculture,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Physiology and Ecology&Tillage,Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Crop Strip Intercropping Engineering and Technology Research Center,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第5期755-764,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300902);国家自然科学基金(32071963)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了探究弱光对南北大豆叶片结构与光合特性的影响,进一步为玉米大豆带状套作筛选耐荫大豆品种提供支撑。【方法】选用了10个大豆品种为材料,其中北方和南方主栽品种各5个,设置正常光照和弱光,在大豆第3片复叶完全露出时(V4期)分析弱光下植株生长、叶片结构和光合特性的影响,并用主成分分析法对大豆苗期的进行耐荫性进行评价。【结果】弱光环境下大豆的生理指标都有不同程度的变化,为了适应弱光环境,弱光下北方大豆、南方大豆平均株高分别显著增加101.19%、125.04%;平均总叶面积分别减少4.26%、0.25%(P<0.05)。弱光下北方品种、南方品种叶片厚度分别显著减小15.62%、36.18%,栅栏组织分别厚度减小19.53%、34.26%,海绵组织厚度分别显著减小17.02%、25.74%。弱光下南北大豆气孔密度均有所下降,其中北方大豆和南方大豆气孔密度分别降低35.56%、26.34%,气孔开度分别降低14.85%、70.75%,而北方大豆气孔面积显著增大6.30%,南方大豆气孔面积平均显著减小12.53%;弱光下北方品种的Pn、Gs、Tr降低幅度均显著高于南方品种,分别高3.71%、15.19%和11.52%。弱光下北方大豆气Ci降低20.95%,南方大豆平均增加8.63%。通过主成分分析,北方大豆中的晋遗59、郑59和南方大豆中南农88-48、南41耐荫性较强,适宜于玉米大豆套作。【结论】不同大豆对弱光环境的响应存在差异,供试南北大豆对弱光的响应差异主要在气孔结构和光系统量子传递上。【Objective】The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of weak light on the leaf structure and photosynthetic characteristics of northern and southern soybeans,and further to screen shade toler⁃ant soybean varieties for maize-soybean relay intercropping.【Method】Ten soybean varieties were se⁃lected as materials,including five main varieties from the north and five main varieties from the south.Normal light and weak light were set to analyze the effects of weak light on plant growth,leaf structure,and photosynthetic characteristics when the third compound leaf of soybean was fully exposed(V4 stage).Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings.【Re⁃sult】A total of 10 soybean varieties were selected as materials,including 5 main varieties from the northern and southern regions.Normal light and weak light conditions were set to analyze the effects of weak light on plant growth,leaf structure,and photosynthetic characteristics of soybeans at the fully ex⁃posed third trifoliate leaf stage(V4 stage).Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings.The results showed that under weak light conditions,soybeans exhibited varied physiological changes.To adapt to weak light conditions,the average plant height of both the northern and southern soybean varieties significantly increased by 101.19%and 125.04%,respectively.The average total leaf area decreased by 4.26%and 0.25%,respectively(P<0.05).The leaf thickness of the northern and southern varieties decreased significantly by 15.62%and 36.18%,respectively.The palisade tissue thickness decreased by 19.53%and 34.26%,respectively,and the spongy tissue thick⁃ness decreased significantly by 17.02%and 25.74%,respectively.Both the stomatal density of the north⁃ern and southern soybeans decreased under weak light conditions.Specifically,the stomatal density of the northern and southern soybeans decreased by 35.56%and 26.34%,respectively,while the stomatal aperture dec

关 键 词：大豆 光强 叶片结构 光合荧光特性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]