大豆玉米气吸式播种机补种系统的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Missing Seeding Detection and Reseeding Control System for Soybean and Corn Air-Suction Seeder

作　　者：吕小荣 陈小虎 杨璐杰 刘铮 唐鹏 涂心叶 LYU Xiaorong;CHEN Xiaohu;YANG Lujie;LIU Zheng;TANG Peng;TU Xinye(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya′an 625014,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学机电学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第5期826-833,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：成都市技术创新研发项目(2022-YF05-01084-SN);现代农业产业技术体系四川豆类杂粮创新团队专项资金资助项目(SCCXTD-2023-20)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对大豆玉米气吸式精量播种机在作业过程中出现的漏播现象,设计一种实时的自动补种系统,并通过台架试验验证系统工作性能、确定补种系统的最优参数组合,以减少播种作业中的漏播指数。【方法】利用对射式光电传感器对播种情况进行检测,当检测到漏播时由步进电机驱动补种装置进行补种。【结果】以玉米种子为研究对象,通过多因素试验和响应曲面法分析,补种装置在真空度为4.3 kPa,补种盘转速为27 r/min、吸种孔直径为5 mm时补种效果最优。台架试验表明,当补种系统的参数为最优时,播种合格指数为93.68%、漏播指数为2.38%,合格指数较原排种装置上升2.34%,漏播指数较原排种装置下降3.09%。【结论】研究设计的补种系统能实现实时补种、提高播种合格指数、降低漏播指数。【Objective】In response to the problem of seed leakage during the operation of soybean and corn vacuum precision seeders,a real-time automatic reseeding system is designed.The system′s performance is validated through benchtop experiments to determine the optimal parameter combination for the reseeding system,aiming to reduce seed leakage during the seeding process.【Method】The through-beam photoelectric sensors was used to detect the seeding situation,and when a miss-seeding is detected,the replenishment device is driven by a stepper motor for reseeding.【Result】Taking corn seeds as the research object,the optimal reseeding effect is achieved based on the multi-factor experiments and response surface analysis,when the parameters were set as:the vacuum pressure is 4.3 kPa,the reseeding disk speed is 27 r/min,and the seed suction hole diameter is 5 mm.Benchtop experiments demonstrate that when the parameters of the reseeding system are optimized,the seeding pass rate is 93.68%,and the seed leakage index is 2.38%.The pass rate increased by 2.34%,and the seed leakage index decreased by 3.09%compared to the original seeding device.【Conclusion】The reseeding system designed in this study can achieve real-time reseeding,improve the seeding pass rate,and reduce seed leakage,providing valuable reference for the detection of seed leakage and real-time reseeding in soybean and corn seeders.

关 键 词：大豆 玉米 漏播检测 补种装置 响应曲面法 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]