棉花免地膜精量播种机的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of cotton mulching--free precision planter

作　　者：王旭 刘江涛[1] 张晋国[1] 李珊珊[1] 赵金[1] 孔德刚[1] WANG Xu;LIU Jiangtao;ZHANG Jinguo;LI Shanshan;ZHAO Jin;KONG Degang(Mechanic and Electronics College,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071066)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,河北保定071066

出　　处：《机械设计》2023年第9期22-28,共7页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20327204D)。

摘　　要：针对棉花地膜造成的白色污染及精量播种的短板问题,文中研制了一种棉花免地膜精量播种机,集秸秆粉碎、旋耕、播种、施肥、镇压和滴灌等功能于一体。该播种机可粉碎前茬棉秆,使其均匀地抛撒在苗带上,无需铺膜,避免了残膜污染。经试验验证:在播种机前进速度为4 km/h,粉碎刀辊转速为2 200 r/min时,秸秆粉碎合格率平均值为94.38%,抛撒不均匀度为13.46%;秸秆覆盖可降低土壤坚实度,比未被秸秆覆盖的土壤坚实度平均值低30.72%,对棉花出苗起到了有利作用;株距合格指数平均值为90.94%,漏播指数平均值为2.54%,重播指数平均值为5.78%。In this article,with the focus on white pollution caused by cotton mulching and the shortcomings of precision planting,a cotton mulching-free precision planter is developed.It integrates the functions of straw crushing,rotary tillage,seeding,fertilization,repression,and drip irrigation.It can crush the previous cotton stalks and throw them evenly on the seedling belt,without mulching,and thus pollution caused by residual mulch is avoided.It is verified by experiments that when the forward speed of the machine is 4 km/h and the speed of the crushing knife roller is 2200 r/min,the average rate of valid straw crushing is 94.38%,with the throwing unevenness of 13.46%.The soil covered by straw has better firmness,30.72%lower than that of the soil uncovered by straw,which is conducive to cotton seedling.On average,the valid plant-spacing index is 90.94%,the missed-seeding index is 2.54%,and the re-seeding index is 5.78%.

关 键 词：棉花 秸秆粉碎 精量播种机 免地膜 苗带覆盖 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程] TH112[农业科学—农业工程]