近十年莱州湾海水养殖TN、TP及COD入海通量研究  

Mariculture-associating TN,TP and COD discharge flux into Laizhou Bay in recent ten years

作　　者：石亚洲 宋娴丽 逄劭楠 李正炎[1] 吴海一 SHI Yazhou;SONG Xianli;PANG Shaonan;LI Zhengyan;WU Haiyi(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement,Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province,Qingdao 266104,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]山东省海洋生物研究院青岛市浅海底栖渔业增殖重点实验室,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2023年第4期97-105,共9页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：科技部“海洋环境安全保障”重点专项(2018YFC1407601);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(SDAIT26);国家贝类产业技术体系近海增养殖岗(CARS-49);山东省2016年度农业重大应用技术创新课题——渔业养殖园区排放水生态净化循环利用模式开发研究。

摘　　要：近年来,莱州湾作为我国北方重要海水养殖区,养殖产量及规模迅速增长,贝类增长尤为迅速。大规模集约养殖下,养殖污染问题已不可忽视。本文基于近10年(2008—2017)莱州湾海水养殖产量等数据,通过排污系数法估算莱州湾海水养殖总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及化学需氧量(COD)入海通量的年际变化,同时进行组间差异显著性比较。结果表明:近十年莱州湾海水养殖总TN、TP入海通量均为负值且呈“不断减小”趋势,平均值分别为-5868.30(±1364.03)t和-320.54(±82.96)t;COD通量呈“持续增大”趋势,平均值为6446.06(±1382.67)t;鱼类TN、TP年通量与甲壳和海参间有显著性差异(P<0.05),甲壳、海参间无显著性差异(P>0.05);甲壳和海参、贝类、鱼类三者COD年通量间有显著性差异(P<0.05),甲壳、海参间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。本文结果显示莱州湾养殖排放水氮磷比(N/P)约为2.91,较低的N/P对于平衡局部海区营养盐组成有积极作用。排污系数法无法体现排污季节性差异,因此在精准计算月通量时,需结合其他方法同时进行。在今后,应加强养殖污染通量及养殖容量的相关研究,只有实现养殖生产与生态环境的协调统一,才能实现海水养殖的可持续发展。As an important mariculture area in northern China,the yield and scale of Laizhou Bay mariculture,especially shellfish culture,have been increasing rapidly in recent years.Against the largescale and intensive farming,the problem of aquaculture pollution cannot be ignored.Based on the mariculture production data of Laizhou Bay in recent 10 years(2008-2017),the interannual variation of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)into the mariculture area of Laizhou Bay was estimated with discharge coefficient method,and the significant differences among groups were compared.The results showed that the total TN and TP fluxes of mariculture into Laizhou Bay in recent ten years are decreasing with the average of 5868.30±1364.03 t and 320.54±82.96 t,respectively.The COD flux was continuously increasing,with an average of 6446.06±1382.67 t.There were significant differences in annual TN and TP fluxes among fish,crustaceans and sea cucumbers while no significant difference was found between crustaceans and sea cucumbers.The N/P of aquaculture discharge into Laizhou Bay was about 2.9l,and the low N/P affected positively balancing the composition of nutrients in local sea area.The pollutant discharge coefficient method cannot reveal the seasonal difference of pollutant discharge.It is necessary to combine other methods in calculating the monthly flux accurately.In future,the study on aquaculture pollution flux and aquaculture capacity should be strengthened.The coordination and unity of aquaculture production and ecological environment should aid to sustainable development of mariculture.

关 键 词：莱州湾 海水养殖 入海通量 排污系数法 氮磷比 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]