现代政治哲学的两个正义概念与马克思的正义观  

Two Concepts of Justice in Modern Political Philosophy And Marx's View of Justice

作　　者：李佃来[1] Li Dianlai(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期112-121,共10页Wuhan University Journal：Philosophy & Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA103);中宣部文化名家暨“四个一批”人才自主项目(2018)。

摘　　要：“正义”是政治哲学中最核心、最重要的概念之一,但也是一个多义性的概念。在霍布斯、洛克之后发展起来的现代政治哲学中,主要包含了两个正义概念:一是基于权利的正义,二是基于规则的正义,它们在指代对象、内涵及侧重点上都存在很大差异。不过,在罗尔斯建构的具有高度综合性的正义理论中,这两个正义概念是融合在一起的。马克思虽然没有主题化地探讨正义问题,但正义是其政治哲学中的重要问题。在关于资本主义批判、关于共产主义第一阶段以及关于共产主义高级阶段的叙事语境中,马克思要么介入到基于权利的正义问题中来,要么介入到基于规则的正义问题中来。所以,现代政治哲学的两个正义概念是我们理解马克思正义观的重要切入点。但我们也不能刻板地停留在权利和规则的层面来阐释马克思的正义观,因为与现代西方政治哲学相比,马克思的政治哲学并非以权利和规则本身为最终或最高目的,而是通向了人的解放和人的全面发展。"Justice"is one of the most central and important concepts in political philosophy,but it is also a polysemous concept.The modern political philosophy after Hobbes and Locke mainly contains two concepts of justice,one is right-based justice and the other is rule-based justice,which are very different in terms of their objects,connotations and emphases.However,in Rawls's highly comprehensive theory of justice,these two concepts of justice are fused together.Although Marx did not discuss the issue of justice thematically,justice is an important issue in his political philosophy.In the narrative context of the critique of capitalism,the first stage of communism,and the higher stage of communism,Marx got involved either in the issue of right-based justice or in the issue of rule-based justice.Therefore,these two concepts of justice in modern political philosophy are important entry points for us to understand Marx's view of justice.At the same time,we need to differentiate the concept of justice carefully,either to construct a contemporary theory of justice or to use a theory of justice to respond to and answer major contemporary issues of reality.

关 键 词：政治哲学 基于权利的正义 基于规则的正义 马克思 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]