谁更愿意选择读博——一项关于女性读博意愿影响因素的研究  

Who Would Prefer Doing a PhD:A Study on the Factors Influencing Women’s Willingness to Pursue a Doctoral Degree

作　　者：陈斌 王艳 CHEN Bin;WANG Yan(Institute of Education,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,厦门361005

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2023年第6期53-64,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：全国教育科学规划国家青年课题“我国研究型大学‘非升即走’改革试点成效与问题研究”(CIA230324)。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,我国高校女博士生规模迅速扩大,但仍普遍面临性别不平等、延期毕业、退学等现实压力。读博意愿是决定女性是否选择读博的关键因素,进而影响其学业表现和心理情绪。为提高女博士生教育质量,基于社会资本、社会角色和社会支持理论,遵循扎根理论分析进路,对23位女性进行深度访谈,借助网络搜集女性升学选择和女博士生就读体验的记录,深入探讨女性读博意愿的影响因素。研究发现:由经济资本、文化资本和社会资本构成的家庭资本是影响女性读博的先决条件,家庭资本越丰富的女性获得博士教育的机会越大,但出身社会低阶层家庭也可能激励女性选择读博以实现阶层跃迁;女性读博受内外部情境共同影响,外部情境主要指女性承担的社会角色和感知的社会支持,内部情境即女性自我认知,二者共同影响女性对读博的认知并调节其读博意愿的强度;家庭和社会通过赋予女性角色期待对其行为加以规训,由此诱发激烈的角色冲突并消解女性读博意愿,而来自重要他人的情感支持、工具性支持和信息支持则正向强化女性读博意愿;由社会性别和生理性别共同建构的女性自我认知是影响女性是否选择读博的决定性因素;外界对女性过高的角色期待与女性对自身能力的过低评价加剧读博选择的心理冲突,带来女性在自我设限与自我发展之间摇摆不定。对女性读博意愿的关注需要理解她们的社会角色处境,突破性别刻板印象的藩篱,树立性别平等意识,为激励更多女性从事学术研究提供具有包容性、开放性和支持性的社会环境。Since the 21st century,the scale of female doctoral students in China’s colleges and universities has been developing rapidly;however,female doctoral students are still generally faced with real pressures such as gender inequality,delayed graduation and even withdrawal.The willingness to do a doctoral degree is the key measure that influences whether women choose to study for doctoral degree,which in turn affects their academic performance and psychological emotions.To improve the quality of education for female doctoral students,based on the theories of social capital,social roles and social support,following the analytical approach of the rooted theory,in-depth interviews with 23 women were conducted.By utilizing the internet to collect records of women’s choice to pursue higher education and their doctoral studies,the influencing factors of women’s willingness to pursue a doctoral degree were explored.The study finds that:family capital,which consists of economic capital,cultural capital and social capital,is the primary condition for women to study doctoral degree,and the more favorable the family capital,the higher the possibility of obtaining doctoral education opportunities for women;however,being from a low-class family can also reverse the incentive for women to choose to study doctoral degree in order to realize the class leap;women’s study of doctoral degree is affected by the combination of internal and external contexts.The external context refers to women’s social roles and perceived social support,and the internal context is women’s self-perception,both of which influence women’s perceptions and regulate the intensity of their willingness to study;family and society regulate women’s behavior by assigning them role expectations,which leads to intense role conflict and dissolves women’s willingness to study,whereas women’s willingness to study is positively reinforced by the emotional,instrumental,and informational support of significant others;women’s self-perception is constru

关 键 词：女博士生 读博意愿 影响因素 角色冲突 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]