街道环境视觉无障碍设施建设的包容性趋势评述——基于美、英、日比较与启示  

A Review of the Inclusive Trend of Accessible Facilities for the Visually Impaired in the Street Environment:Comparison and Enlightenment Based on the United States,Great Britain and Japan

作　　者：戴锏[1,2] 陈心朗 宋彦[3] DAI Jian;CHEN Xinlang;SONG Yan

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 [2]哈尔滨工业大学自然资源部寒地国土空间规划与生态保护修护重点实验室 [3]美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校城市与区域规划系

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2023年第5期65-72,共8页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：黑龙江省高等学校智库(省双创智库)开放课题(ZK KF2022187);哈尔滨工业大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目(22HX0602)。

摘　　要：无障碍出行环境是社会文明的标尺,随着社会老龄化,无障碍设施使用需求不断增长,城市出行面临新的挑战,街道环境无障碍建设有待提升。本文立足城市街道空间,从视障人群类型与需求分析出发,以基于视障人群需求的无障碍设施为研究对象,归纳出街道环境中无障碍设施的三种类型,包括触觉补偿设施、残余视觉补偿设施、听觉补偿设施。结合美、英、日三国建设经验,通过对比三国街道环境视觉无障碍设施建设理念及做法差异,提出包容性设计理念引导下的设施建设更具动态性与有效性。基于此,借助包容性设计的原则与流程,提出营造街道视觉无障碍环境建设的包容性设计框架。最后结合我国城市街道建设现状提出若干发展启示。The accessible travel environment is the yardstick of social civilization.With the deepening of social aging,the construction of an accessible environment is more closely related to the vital interests of the people,the demand for accessible facilities is increasing,urban travel is facing new challenges,and the accessible construction of street environments needs to be improved.First of all,based on the urban street space,the research takes the visual accessibility facilities in the accessible facilities as the research object.According to the degree of visual impairment,visually impaired people are divided into three categories:blind people,low-vision people,and visually restricted people,and the visual impairment performance and ability characteristics of these three types of visually impaired people are analyzed.Combined with the sensory type of sensory compensation of visually impaired people,three types of accessible facilities for visually impaired in the street environment are summarized,including footpath facilities based on tactile compensation,signage guidance facilities based on tactile compensation,and visual supplement,and acoustic signal facilities based on auditory compensation.Secondly,combined with the construction practice of accessible facilities for the visually impaired in three types of street environments in the United States,Britain,and Japan,the characteristics and design points of accessible facilities for the visually impaired are summarized.From the three aspects of the development of relevant laws and regulations,social context,and construction concept,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the different construction modes of visual impairment facilities in the three countries.In the construction of accessible facilities for the visually impaired in the street environment,the United States adopts an equal opportunity model guided by the general principles to protect the interests of the whole;the UK is a multi-integration model guided by inclusive design,focusing on integrating pu

关 键 词：街道环境 无障碍设施 视障人群 包容性设计 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]