傣族传统民居建筑原型对气候设计策略的回应与补充研究  

Study on the Response and Complementarity of Traditional Dai Residential Architectural Prototypes to Climate Design Strategies

作　　者：张涛[1] 张宇轩 ZHANG Tao;ZHANG Yuxuan

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学艺术学院 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2023年第5期153-157,共5页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(52338004);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52378038);陕西省科技厅社会科学基金项目(2021J042)。

摘　　要：随着美丽乡村的建设与乡村振兴步伐的驱动,一些不当思潮与建设的侵袭,传统民居被大量模仿现代城市建筑的新建民居取代,简单实现了功能空间多样化的需求,却成为生态脆弱、品质较差、文化缺失的代表,民居发展面临种种困境。为了科学有效地助力传统民居传承及美丽乡村建设,如何深入挖掘潜藏于传统民居建筑原型中的绿色属性与生态经验,成为在理论研究方面人们关注的热点问题。选择云南省勐腊地区的水傣干栏式傣家竹楼传统民居为研究对象,基于被动式气候设计理论,针对傣家竹楼建筑原型,提炼民居应对湿热气候的被动式设计原型策略,比对Climate Consultant软件分析所得的被动式设计标准策略,探讨民居建筑原型的原型策略对标准策略的回应率。研究结果表明:傣家竹楼建筑原型在遮阳、防热、防雨、防潮、保温与节能等方面对标准策略的最低、最高回应率分别为67%与100%,平均回应率84.8%。受材料及技术条件的限制,部分策略的回应不足,但是通过其他的方法及措施可以得到很好的补充。傣族传统民居建筑原型的绿色特性及生态智慧,揭示了地域性传统建筑以地域自然、社会环境为约束,以建筑综合性能为核心的生态设计理论控制的科学原理。本研究的结果对湿热地区民居的设计建造及现代传承提供理论依据。Through constant“trial and error”,the traditional houses of the region,which have survived the test of time,have demonstrated the natural trade-offs,the applicable social choices and the historical vein of sustainable development,and are the product of the dual relationship between natural ecosystems and human social practices.In recent years,traditional houses have been replaced by a large number of new houses imitating modern urban architecture,which simply meet the demand for functional space diversification,but have become representatives of ecological fragility,poor quality and lack of culture,and are facing difficulties.It has become a research hotspot to dig deep into the green attributes and ecological experiences hidden in the architectural archetypes of traditional dwellings.The western region of Yunnan Province,with its low altitude,high temperature and high humidity,has a hot and rainy hot and humid climate.People of the Dai ethnic group have created Dai bamboo buildings with ventilation and heat dissipation,sun and rain protection,and climate adaptation according to local conditions and materials.After thousands of years of inheritance and development,this passive settlement mode continues to this day,with the Dai bamboo buildings in the Mengla area being the most representative.Based on the theory of passive climate design,this paper focuses on the Shui Dai dry bamboo buildings of the Dai family in Mengla area,takes the architectural prototype as the research object,and refines the passive design prototype strategy(hereinafter referred to as the“prototype strategy”)for the residential buildings to cope with the hot and humid climate,and compares the passive design standard strategy(hereinafter referred to as the“prototype strategy”)with that obtained from the analysis and calculation of the Climate Consultant software.We compare the standard passive design strategy(hereinafter referred to as the“standard strategy”)calculated by the Climate Consultant software,explore the response and

关 键 词：傣家竹楼 传统民居 建筑原型 气候设计策略 Climate Consultant 

分 类 号：TU119[建筑科学—建筑理论]