青藏高原古军屯的空间形态特征及营建智慧——以同仁市保安四屯为例  

Spatial Morphological Characteristics and Construction Wisdom of Ancient Cantonment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Taking Baoan Four Cantonments in Tongren City as an Example

作　　者：张新红[1] 陈越依 刘奔腾[1] ZHANG Xinhong;CHEN Yueyi;LIU Benteng

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学设计艺术学院 [2]甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限责任公司

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2023年第5期158-164,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51208243);教育部人文社科青年基金项目(14YJCZH212)。

摘　　要：军屯作为典型的军事防御型传统聚落,认知其空间形态和营建智慧对其科学保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。文章以青海省同仁市的保安四屯为研究对象,借助数理方法对其空间形态特征进行了探析,结果表明:第一,军屯边界形状均为紧凑度高的指状,形态呈强结构化;第二,中心区域的全局集成度高、可达性强,但局部空间的协同度整体偏低,由连通性感知整体空间的能力较弱;第三,内部空间的相互控制程度较低,但遮蔽性好。藉此可透视出中国古人在建设军屯时的高超智慧,即构建紧凑的空间围合形态、营建通达性高的军屯中心和塑造防御性强的街巷布局,这有利于青藏高原古军屯的价值认知、合理保护和传承性发展。As a typical traditional military defensive settlement,cantonment is of great significance to recognize its spatial form a nd construction w isdom for its scientific protection a nd sustainable development.The article takes Bao’an four cantonments in Tongren City as the research object,and analyzes their spatial morphological characteristics by several mathematical methods.Bao’an four cantonments,namely Bao’an,Wutun,Nianduhu and Guomari,are located in the valley area of Longwu River,a tributary of the upper Yellow River.They not only carry rich historical and cultural heritage,but also are typical representatives of ancient cantonment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In the early stage of the study,the formation history and current situation characteristics of Bao’an four cantonments were briefly summarized.Then,through AutoCAD software,the outer contour lines of buildings and public activity places,the street road network and the border of Tunpu are digitized,and their building bottom,public space bottom and road axis are obtained.The boundary shape index and the fractal dimension of public space are used to determine the geometric shape of the military camp boundary,and to quantify the degree of compactness and structure of the internal space form of the cantonment.Although the boundary of Bao’an four cantonments is fingerlike,its shape tendency is different.The Nianduhu cantonment is banded,while the other three cantonments are clumpy(Tab.2).Generally speaking,the finger-shaped boundary shape means that the security four cantonments have a high spatial compactness,which is due to the need of military defense function and the influence of local natural geographical environment.There are few agricultural lands around cantonment,and the finger-shaped layout can not only reduce the occupation of cultivated land,but also facilitate the development of agricultural production activities.The fractal dimension values of public space in Bao’an four cantonments are all greater than 1.5(Tab.3),and the cantonments

关 键 词：古军屯 空间形态 营建智慧 青藏高原 保安四屯 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]