陶粒与微生物菌剂对露天煤矿土壤的改良及植物生长效果  

Effect of Ceramsite and Microbial Agent on Soil Improve⁃ment and Plant Growth in Open-pit Coal Mine

作　　者：石韫玉 崔羽 张萌[1] 苗原 钟晓勇 赵荣华 SHI Yunyu;CUI Yu;ZHANG Meng;MIAO Yuan;ZHONG Xiaoyong;ZHAO Ronghua(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China;Dongming Mining Industry Limited Liability Company in Hulun Buir,Hulun Buir 021599,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]呼伦贝尔东明矿业有限责任公司,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021599

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2023年第10期87-97,共11页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：寒区草原露天矿生态修复技术与评价研究项目(DMHTA2012386);呼伦贝尔东明矿业有限责任公司委托项目。

摘　　要：采用盆栽种植紫花苜蓿,设置空白对照(原土种植紫花苜蓿)、陶粒1%、陶粒3%、陶粒5%、微生物菌剂0.1%、微生物菌剂0.3%、微生物菌剂0.5%不同处理,分析以陶粒、微生物菌剂作为土壤改良剂时,其对土壤团粒结构、理化性质、酶活性和植物生长状况的影响。结果表明:表面疏松多孔的陶粒增加了土壤的蓄水保持能力,陶粒添加量为1%时土壤改良效果最好,随着陶粒添加量增加土壤砂粒含量、团聚体含量、含水率、有机质含量、过氧化氢酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、脱氢酶活性呈逐渐减小趋势,过量陶粒没有改良效果,甚至破坏原始土壤。微生物菌剂直接提高土壤中有益菌含量,适量的微生物菌剂通过对植物根系分泌物、土壤有机质、矿质颗粒的分解,提高了土壤有效养分,微生物菌剂添加量为0.3%时改良效果最佳,过量则起到抑制作用。In this experiment,potted alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)was planted,different treatments were set up,including blank(original soil planting of alfalfa),1%ceramsite,3%ceramsite,5%ceramsite,0.1%microbial agent,0.3%microbial agent,and 0.5%microbial agent.The effect of ceramsite and microbial agent as soil amendments on soil aggregate structure,physicochemical properties,enzyme activity,and plant growth status were analyzed.The results showed that the loose and porous ceramsite on the surface increased soil water storage capacity,and the effect of soil improvement was best when the content of ceramsite was 1%.As the ceramsite increased,the soil sand particles,aggregates,water content,organic matter content,catalase activity,sucrase activity,alkaline phosphatase activity,and dehydrogenase activity gradually decreased.Excessive ceramic particles had no effect,and even destroyed the original soil.Microbial agents can directly increase the content of beneficial bacteria in the soil.An appropriate amount of microbial agents enhanced the effective nutrients of the soil by decomposing plant root exudates,soil organic matter,and mineral particles.The best improvement effect was achieved when the addition of microbial agents was 0.3%,while excessive amounts had a inhibitory effect.

关 键 词：土壤改良 陶粒 微生物菌剂 土壤团粒结构 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] TD88[农业科学—农业基础科学]