过氧化物酶体与真菌有性生殖的关系  

The relationship between peroxisome and fungal sexual reproduction

作　　者：卞美云 王静[2] 王教瑜[2] 陈杰[1] BIAN Meiyun;WANG Jing;WANG Jiaoyu;CHEN Jie(School of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第10期2500-2506,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LZ20C140001);国家自然科学基金(32300169)。

摘　　要：过氧化物酶体是一种多功能、动态变化的细胞器,对大多数真核生物的发育至关重要。真菌中过氧化物酶体参与多个生长与发育过程,包括有性生殖。真菌有性孢子的形成,通常发生在多细胞的子实体内,需要经过有丝分裂、减数分裂、细胞分化等多个步骤。研究表明,过氧化物酶体在上述过程的调控中发挥作用,是维持子实体形成、有性孢子产生和成熟所必需的。首先,真菌有性生殖依赖菌丝细胞内储藏脂类物质的降解提供能量,而过氧化物酶体内的脂肪酸β-氧化和乙醛酸循环是脂类降解和转化的必需步骤。其次,过氧化物酶体还可能直接参与细胞减数分裂过程。在细胞减数分裂过程中,过氧化物酶体大小、数量和位置都发生规律性的变化。此外,过氧化物酶体还参与有性生殖过程中信号分子的形成,敲除过氧化物酶体形成相关基因会影响真菌子囊壳的形成。Peroxisome are multifunctional and dynamic organelles essential for the development in most of the eukaryotes.In fungi,the organelles are involved in divers growth and development processes,including sexual reproduction.The formation of fungal sexual spores,usuallyoccurs in multicellular fruiting bodies,requires multiple steps such as mitosis,meiosis,cell differentiation.Studies have shown that peroxisomes play a role in regulating the above processes and are necessary for sustaining the formation of fruiting bodies,the production and the maturation of sexual spores.Firstly,the morphogenesis of fungal sexual reproduction depends on the degradation of lipid reserves in mycelial cells to supply energy and intermediate molecules,while the fatty acidβ-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle in peroxisomes are necessary steps for lipid degradation and transformation.Secondly,peroxisomes may also be directly involved in the processes of cell meiosis.During cell meiosis,the size,quantity and location of peroxisomes change regularly.In addition,peroxisomes also participate in the formation of signaling molecules during sexual reproduction,and the knockdown of peroxisomal biogenesis-related genes affects the formation of fungal perithecium.

关 键 词：过氧化物酶体 真菌 有性生殖 减数分裂 PEX 

分 类 号：Q26[生物学—细胞生物学] Q28