德国露天煤矿开采技术与装备发展研究  

Research on development of open-pit coal mining technology and equipment in Germany

作　　者：金磊 李浩然 刘欣 JIN Lei;LI Haoran;LIU Xin(l.China Energy Baorixile Energy Co.,Ltd.,Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia 021000,China;Information Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management of PRC,Chaoyang,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]国能宝日希勒能源有限公司,内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市021000 [2]应急管理部信息研究院,北京市朝阳区100029

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2023年第10期101-108,共8页China Coal

摘　　要：为了借鉴德国露天煤矿发展的经验、推动我国露天煤矿的高质量发展,研究了德国露天煤炭资源分布、露天煤矿生产现状、生产结构、开采技术和装备应用等方面的特点和经验。研究表明,德国在煤矿开发的历程中,充分发挥了褐煤资源的赋存厚、埋藏浅且稳定的特点,在山地、丘陵、草原、森林利用露天开采生产规模大、劳动效率高等优势建立了大规模露天煤矿群,并取得良好的生态和经济效益;同时德国利用其在矿山设备制造的优势,引领了露天煤矿连续、半连续工艺的使用及相关设备的制造,培养了塔克拉夫、克虏伯等一批世界级企业,实现露天煤矿开采设备的国产化,极大地降低了露天煤矿的生产成本,保障了露天煤矿生产的稳定。德国露天煤矿的开采经验说明,在我国煤炭资源条件适宜的地区持续扩大露天煤矿生产规模的做法是正确的,提高露天煤矿工艺装备的可靠性及自主生产能力对我国露天煤矿成本的降低、产量规模的稳定具有重要意义,也是实现我国露天煤矿高质量发展的必经之路。In order to draw on the experience of the development of open-pit coal mines in Germany and promote the high-quality development of open-pit coal mine in China,the characteristics and experiences of the distribution of open-pit coal resources,the production status and structure,and the mining technology and equipment application of open-pit coal mine in Germany are analyzed.The research shows that in the process of coal mine development,Germany has given full play to the characteristics of thick occurrence,shallow buried depth and stability of lignite resources,and established large-scale open-pit coal mine groups in mountains,hills,grasslands and forests with advantages of large-scale production scale and high labor efficiency,and achieved good ecological and economic benefits.At the same time,Germany takes its advantages in mining equipment manufacturing,leading the use of continuous and semi-continuous processes in open-pit coal mines and the manufacturing of related equipment,cultivating a group of world-class enterprises such as Takraf and Krupp,realizing the localization of open-pit coal mining equipment,greatly reducing the production cost of open-pit coal mines,and ensuring the stability of open-pit coal mine production.The mining experiences of open-pit coal mine in Germany show that it is correct to continue to expand the production scale of open-pit coal mine in areas with suitable coal resource conditions,and improving the reliability of technology,equipment and independent production capacity of open-pit coal mine is of great significance to the reduction of the cost of open-pit coal mine and the stability of output scale in China,and is also the only way to achieve high-quality development of open-pit coal mine in China.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 连续开采工艺 轮斗挖掘机 排土桥 分流站 生态环境保护 

分 类 号：TD824[矿业工程—煤矿开采]