多物种殖民主义:19世纪末东非牛瘟的历史人类学研究  

Multi-species Colonialism:A Historical Anthropological Study of the Rinderpest in East Africa in the Late 19th Century

作　　者：齐腾飞 张仁烨 QI Teng-fei;ZHANG Ren-ye(Department of Sociology,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518000;Department of Sociology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学社会学系,广东深圳518000 [2]清华大学社会学系,北京100084

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期103-112,共10页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国—东非农耕文化互动与发展的人类学研究”(项目编号:19BSH134)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文提出“多物种殖民主义”概念,并以此对19世纪末的东非牛瘟进行历史人类学分析。长期以来,历史研究视牛瘟为西方军事殖民的序章,对牛瘟、兽医学与殖民主义经济的关系缺乏关注。研究借助东非殖民政府年报、探险家记录和殖民官员报告,探究兽医学进入东非之后如何创造殖民者的畜牧经济优势,如何作用于英国殖民地的扩张和巩固。近代西方殖民主义的扩张既是政治经济学和文化意义的伸张,也是生物权力从西方宗主国的延伸。这一过程伴随着殖民政权对殖民地和半殖民地人民的身心压迫,也伴随着殖民政权对自然物种的控制和利用。This paper creates the concept of “multi-species colonialism” as a historical anthropological analysis for the rinderpest outbreak of the late19th century in East Africa.For a long time,historical studies have regarded rinderpest as a prologue of western military colonization,and failed to pay attention to the relationship between rinderpest,veterinary medicine and colonialist economy.Based on the annual reports of the East African colonial government,the records of explorers and the reports of colonial officials,this paper explores how the entry of veterinary medicine took effect to create economic advantages for colonial livestock and contributed to the expansion and consolidation of British colonies.The expansion of modern Western colonialism was not only a stretch of political economy and cultural significance,but an extension of biopower from Western suzerainty.This process was accompanied by the physical and psychological oppression of colonial and semi-colonial peoples,as well as by the control and exploitation of natural species by colonial regimes.

关 键 词：多物种殖民主义 牛瘟 殖民主义经济 兽医学 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]