我国银行业流动性风险分析及风险化解建议——基于硅谷银行风险事件引发的中美银行对比研究  

Liquidity Risk Analysis and Risk Resolution Suggestions of Chinese Banking Industry——A Comparative Research of Chinese and American Banks Triggered by Silicon Valley Bank Risk Events

作　　者：周珮萱 周雅童 ZHOU Peixuan;ZHOU Yatong(Bohai Leasing Co.,Ltd,Beijing100015,China;Guosen Securities Co.,Ltd,Beijing100010,China)

机构地区：[1]渤海租赁股份有限公司,北京100015 [2]国信证券股份有限公司,北京100010

出　　处：《中国发展》2023年第4期23-33,共11页China Development

摘　　要：2023年初,美国排名第16位的硅谷银行爆发流动性挤兑危机,后续快速宣布破产,此事件引发社会广泛关注。该文从宏观、微观、制度等角度深入分析,发现硅谷银行出现流动性危机的原因来自三个方面:(1)美国激进加息导致利率环境急剧变化;(2)硅谷银行高度集中的客户结构,以及期限不匹配的资产负债结构引发流动性挤兑恶性循环;(3)巴赛尔协议对金融资产公允价值变动监管不足。结合硅谷银行经验,该文对国内银行进一步分析,发现国内银行同样存在财务报表失真问题。建议:坚持稳增长目标,审慎实施稳健的货币政策与财政政策,保持流动性充裕和市场利率水平合理;银行应该聚焦存贷主业,服务实体企业融资需求,打造多元化投资管理能力;银行应加强信息化建设,构建数字化管理系统,进一步提升风险控制能力。In early 2023,Silicon Valley Bank,ranked the 16th in the United States,broke out a liquidity run crisis,and then quickly declared bankruptcy,which caused widespread concern in society.Through in-depth analysis from macro,micro and institutional perspectives,this paper finds that the liquidity crisis of Silicon Valley bank comes from three aspects:(1)drastic changes in the interest rate environment caused by aggressive rate hikes in the United States;(2)the highly concentrated customer structure of Silicon Valley bank and a vicious circle of liquidity run triggered by the maturity mismatch of asset and liability structure;(3)insufficient supervision of the Basel Agreement on the fair value changes of financial assets.Combined with the experience of Silicon Valley Bank,this paper further analyzes domestic banks and finds that domestic banks also have the distortion problem of financial statement.Suggestions are put forward:we should adhere to the goal of steady growth,prudently implement prudent monetary and fiscal policies,and maintain sufficient liquidity and reasonable market interest rates.Banks should focus on the main business of deposits and loans,serve the financing needs of entity enterprises,and improve diversified investment management capabilities.Banks should strengthen information construction,build digital management systems,and further improve risk control capabilities.

关 键 词：硅谷银行 流动性风险 金融资产 数字银行 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]