海勃湾水库排沙效果及影响因素  

Effect and influencing factors of sediment discharge in Haibowan Reservoir

作　　者：王克志 刘晓民[1,2,3] 刘廷玺 杨耀天[2,3,4] 罗强 Wang Kezhi;Liu Xiaomin;Liu Tingxi;Yang Yaotian;Luo Qiang(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Yellow River Ecological Research Institute,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Jinhua Yuan Environmental Resource Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010020,China;Yellow River Haibowan Water Conservancy Project Development Center,Wuhai 016000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]黄河流域内蒙段水资源与水环境综合治理协同创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古黄河生态研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [4]内蒙古金华源环境资源工程咨询有限责任公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [5]黄河海勃湾水利枢纽事业发展中心,内蒙古乌海016000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第5期9-17,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51969021,52169016);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2020ZD0009-4);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS05042)。

摘　　要：海勃湾水库是黄河内蒙古段龙头水库,其排沙效果对水库运行及黄河内蒙古段泥沙淤积有着重要影响。水库排沙比是描述水库输沙特性的关键指标,排沙比越大,入库泥沙占水库淤积比例就越小。以海勃湾水库建成蓄水(2014年)至2021年实测资料为基础,分析水库排沙特征,并采用相关性分析探讨影响排沙比变化主要因素。结果表明:水库多年平均排沙比为19.35%,较设计值明显偏小,未产生理想排沙效果,淤积和排沙主要发生在汛期,大流量期间呈现“多来多排”的特点;排沙比变化主要受水沙条件和水库运行方式以及地形影响:排沙比与入库流量及入出库水沙协调性具有正相关关系,与坝前水位及滞洪时间具有负相关关系,水库地形上窄下宽、上陡下缓分布以及乌兰布和沙漠风沙入库对排沙比造成负面影响;汛期排沙比主要受滞洪时间影响。还建立了汛期排沙比经验计算式。Haibowan Reservoir is a leading reservoir in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River,and its sediment discharge effect has an important impact on the operation of the reservoir and the sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River.The sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir is a key indicator to describe the sediment transport characteristics of the reservoir.The larger the sediment discharge ratio,the smaller the proportion of sediment in the reservoir.Based on the measured data of Haibowan Reservoir from 2014 to 2021,the characteristics of sediment discharge were analyzed,and the main factors affecting the change of sediment discharge ratio were discussed by correlation analysis.The results show that the annual average sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir is 19.35%,which is obviously smaller than the design value,and the ideal sediment discharge effect is not produced.The siltation and sediment discharge mainly occur in flood season,and the characteristics of"more coming and more discharging"are presented during large discharge period.The change of sediment discharge ratio is mainly affected by the water and sediment conditions,the operation mode of the reservoir and the topography.The sediment discharge ratio has a positive correlation with the inflow flow and the coordination of water and sediment in and out of the reservoir,and has a negative correlation with the water level in front of the dam and the flood detention time.The distribution of the reservoir topography is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom,steep at the top and slow at the bottom,and the inflow of wind-blown sand in the Ulanbu Desert have a negative impact on the sediment discharge ratio.The regression analysis shows that the sediment discharge ratio in flood season is mainly affected by the flood detention time and the empirical formula for sediment discharge ratio in flood season is established.The results can provide reference for the optimization of water and sediment control in Haibowan Reservoir

关 键 词：排沙比 入库流量 滞洪时间 海勃湾水库 

分 类 号：TV697.2[水利工程—水利水电工程]