生态垫铺设对流沙固定及土壤温湿度的影响  

The influence of eco-mat laying on sand fixation and soil temperature and humidity

作　　者：潘颜霞 赵洋 张志山 Pan Yanxia;Zhao Yang;Zhang Zhishan(Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第5期186-193,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23060202);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA049)。

摘　　要：恢复和重建沙区的合理植被盖度及土壤生境,维护沙区生态系统稳定和可持续发展,是干旱半干旱区沙化土地治理的重要目标。生态垫作为有效而经济的保水、改良土壤、促进植物生长的新型环保材料,在沙漠化治理中得到广泛应用。探明生态垫覆盖对流沙固定及土壤温湿度的影响规律,能够为沙区防风固沙及植被建设提供理论依据。以腾格里沙漠东南缘不同生态垫覆盖沙丘和流动沙丘(对照区)为研究对象,分析了生态垫覆盖对风沙流及土壤温度、水分的影响规律。结果表明:生态垫铺设显著增加了流沙地表粗糙度,降低了输沙量,品铺草籽、品铺无草籽、带铺草籽、带铺无草籽生态垫试验小区地表粗糙度分别是流沙表层的45、22、29、15倍,地表0~20 cm输沙量分别比流沙降低了90.57%、87.14%、88.14%、86.71%。地表0~20 cm生态垫覆盖下土壤温度低于流沙,20 cm以下土层均高于流沙;温度较低时,0~100 cm生态垫覆盖土层温度高于流沙,温度较高时结果相反。生态垫覆盖后0~100 cm土层水分含量增加,除0~20 cm层生态垫覆盖下土壤水分含量低于流沙外,其余土层均高于流沙,40~60、60~80、80~100 cm土壤水分含量分别为流沙的1.61、1.28、1.83倍。生态垫覆盖具有增加地表粗糙度、降低沙物质搬运、保温、减少蒸发、保持土壤水分的重要作用,为沙区植被存活和生长发育提供有利条件。The restoration and reconstruction of reasonable vegetation coverage and soil habitat,and the maintenance of ecosystem stability and sustainable development are important objectives of desertification land govern in arid and semi-arid regions.As an effective and economical environmental protection material for water conservation,soil improvement and plant growth,eco-mat has been widely used in desertification control.The study on the influence of eco-mat laying on sand fixation and soil temperature and humidity can provide theoretical basis for wind prevention,sand fixation and vegetation construction in sandy area.This paper takes sand dunes covered by different eco-mats and mobile sand dunes(control area)in the southeast edge of Tengger Desert as the research object,to analyze the influence rule of eco-mat laying on wind-sand flow,soil temperature and soil moisture.The results indicated that eco-mats significantly increased the soil surface roughness of quicksand and decreased the sediment transport.The surface roughness of eco-mats experimental plots for pin shape laying with grass seed,pin shape laying without grass seed,strip shape laying with grass seed,strip shape laying without grass seed was 45,22,29 and 15 times as much as that of the surface layer of quicksand,the surface sediment transport for 0 to 20 cm was reduced by 90.57%,87.14%,88.14%,and 86.71%compared to quicksand,respectively.When the temperature was low,the soil temperature of 0-20 cm layer under eco-mats coverage was lower than that of quicksand,the result was opposite when the soil temperature wad high.Eco-mats laying increased the soil moisture content of 0-100 cm layer,only the value of 0-20 cm layer was lower than the quicksand,the soil moisture content of 40-60 cm,60-80 cm and 80-100 cm was 1.61,1.28 and 1.83 times of that of quicksand,respectively.Eco-mats coverage plays an important role in increasing surface roughness,reducing sediment transport,heat preservation,reducing evaporation,and maintaining soil moisture,which provides favor

关 键 词：生态垫 粗糙度 输沙量 土壤温度 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]